BSC (Hons) Social Work. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on society Essay

BSC (Hons) Social Work. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on society - shew Exampleuse practitioners and clients no longer speak the same language nor do they share equal/comparable cultural references and worldviews (Hawkins, Fook and Ryan, 2001). From an respectable perspective, multiculturalism has made negotiations through the ethical minefields of social work all the more treacherous. Suffice to say, as Bisman (2004) points out, the contemporary British social worker can no longer be guided by the ethical guidelines which inform victor British social work but ask to adopt a more universal, a-cultural ethical approach which acknowledges and respects the ethnic/cultural ethics of clients. From the a priori perspective, this means that not only is a more multicultural professional ethics guideline needful but that interventions strategies which address the challenges posed by the increasingly cross-cultural nature of the practice need to be developed (Walker, 2001 Scourfield, 200 2).Not only has multiculturalism complicated the work of the British social worker from all of the theoretical, ethical and cultural perspectives, but contemporary social worker can find him/herself in a present wherein legal restrictions and regulations clash with professional duties and obligations. Given that since 1998 population and demographic changes across Britain were a direct exit of the inflow of refugees and asylum seekers (Rees and Boden, 2006), social workers often find themselves in a situation wherein both their professional ethics and training dictate the imperatives of their extending help to members of this group while the law effectively constrains their ability to do so. In other words, considering that likelihood of the British social workers having, not only to interpret and help an ethnically diverse clientele but both refugees and asylum seekers as well, the chances of coming into affair with illegal immigrants who, despite their status are in dire need of help, are high. As I discovered through personal professional

Life before new technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life before new engineering science - Essay ExampleIn addition, the calls were not of the best quality meaning that by using landlines, name calls had a higher chance of being dropped as compared to instantlys cell phones. This is because the switching bear upon in the midst of calls was a manual process, before the automation of the system. In addition, there was a higher likeliness of landline telephony infrastructure acquiring vandalized, making calling a nightmare. This is as opposed to todays telephony services, where calls are reliable and can be do without worries of dropping or acquiring disconnected. In addition, the calling rates were sky high considering the number of telephone service providers. Call providers were few and limited to certain geographic regions meaning that one only had limited choice in getting provider and, as a result, was at their mercy. With the emergence of the cell phone, calls are cheaper as compared to before their presence, with more serv ice providers, and thus more choice due to competition bringing calling right to a cheap bargain (Goyal, 2002). This is, in addition to text messaging that, eases communication substantially without calling or consuming much time. Before the mobile phone people had to be confined in a given area to make, or even, receive a call. This made it highly inconvenient for both or all parties involved as one could not make or receive calls at their accept time and at any postal service they wished, which made it very difficult to communicate because communication was expedient gamble that one had to make. With the cell phone, calls can be made at any place, and ones own convenient time. In addition, another issue was the intertwinement of business and personal issues, as calls at construct were strictly business and could not involve personal issues as it led to unprofessional conduct. Due to need of cell phones and the presence of landlines created professional images in accompanies a nd businesses. However, the presence of cell phones has come to bridge the boundary between personal life and the work place. This is because they create opportunities for integrating work and personal issues, as one has the aforementioned(prenominal) number for the two aspects (Wajcman et al, 2007). Communication, other than the use of landline phones to make calls, required one to write letters, telegrams, and telegraphs or even fax the information to other individuals. With this in mind, communication was a slow process fetching up to weeks to reach the intended individual. This was especially so between friends who intended to keep in skin senses and relate with each other easily. The process of communication was tedious and inefficient considering that the letters did not of all time get to the intended individual at all, or in time. Social media, on the other hand, has go communication by linking diverse people from a variety of divides and bringing them together (Mueller , 2011). In valuate to this, information flows easily between interested parties and cuts on the required to create and receive a response. Still, on flow of information, networking was a difficult thing to do as there was no single place to be in order to meet people with similar interests and goals, unless an individual met them by coincidence or created a local group of people who can easily meet if need be. However, social media has made that outdated by bringing numerous people and groups together. This is in order to share ideas and thoughts on different topics with increased ease. This is especially

Globalization, Outsourcing, Off-shoring, and Offshore Outsourcing Essay

Globalization, Outsourcing, Off-shoring, and Offshore Outsourcing Impact on Culture - Essay ExampleBy the offset decade of 2000, it had become widespread business practice to contract knowledge reliant work to countries such(prenominal) as India or the Philippines. Now, the number of certain jobs decreases in the United States, but new positions and responsibilities are emerging. on with risk comes opportunity.Next, we detail how globalization, outsourcing, off-shoring and offshore outsourcing have influenced contemporary culture. The dangers of losing important business skills and dependence upon remote suppliers looms erect (Loebbecke, C., Huyskens, C., and Mitev, N.). Team disintegration due to global divisions of labor is problematic. Off shoring has affected job opportunities for graduates of info systems programs. To fill these gaps, American students train to manage offshore operations which has required adaptations of IS curricula globally. Such programs focus on thinking globally but acting locally - a set of independent interrelationships.Finally, we give the red-brick business person clues to solving the challenge of globalization, outsourcing, off-shoring, and offshore outsourcing.

The Bank of the Elena on Request of Don Research Paper

The Bank of the Elena on Request of Don - Research make-up ExampleBeing one of the popular and primal international commercial wrong, FOB is used truly widely in international commercial transactions. FOB is one of the F group terms denotes exculpate on Board where the element of freight is downstairstaken to be paid by the buyer and the risk on the goods is deemed to pass to the buyer at the point where the goods are delivered to the specified carrier. The term FOB was originally authentic with an intention to specify the responsibilities and liabilities of the parties under the contract. In the case of Pyrene v, Scindia three different variations of the FOB Contracts have been established. As a consequence in a FOB contract if the buyer fails to advise his nomination of a specific vessel within the time stipulated under the contract can be terminated by the seller. With this repudiation of the contract, the seller reserves the right to sell the goods to any other third party and in any case to recover any resultant loss from the buyer. FOB is being used as one of the important commercial terms for the past two centuries and because of the familiarity traders do not wish to use other terms while formulating the sales contracts. However, this has resulted in using the term FOB wrongly as FOB mill or FOB Plant which is an incorrect usage as stated by the International sleeping room of Commerce According to the Chamber the term implies only Free on Board. Thus under the FOB contract, the seller need only to place the goods on board the ship which is nominated by the buyer. However as specified in Para B7 of Incoterms 2000, the buyer is obligated to give the seller capable notice of the vessel he has nominated.

Paper 2 Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper 2 Humanities - Essay ExampleInformatively, this see discusses artistic productionists of the impression, a genre used by modern artists much often than the traditional art genre. Additionally, it depart analyze an example of a clear of art belonging to this genre by a illustrious artist, Edgar Degas. History of the impressionists Nobody ever thought that what began as an insult in the year 1874 would grow into an internationally recognized and accepted genre of art. Impressionists were a diverse group of artists rejected by the art establishment, plainly were so much in love with art to give up. Determined to enunciate themselves and prove their skills, they effected their own exhibition, which allowed chic and multicolored paintings, which were different from the traditional exhibition art works. Impressionism, as artists of the French art exhibition described them, were artists too lazy to complete their paintings for gallery exhibition. These artists had no opportu nity to stage their work in the French gallery. Most of them felt that the rules of exhibiting paintings in the art gallery were too rigid, allowing them no license of personal expression (Gonzales, et. al. 203). They believed that art was fun, but with the gallery defining rules for exhibition, it lost its interesting part, becoming a boring exercise. Characteristics of the impressionists The subject matter and technique of painting are the characterizing features of impressionist artists. Modernity is what the impressionists sought to express in their paintings (Moffett 86). Typically, they painted landscapes and scenes from both modern urban and suburban life, expressed in pure and bright colors. Preferring the use of the outdoor setting rather than a studio, these artists captured the actual setting they were presently in, in their paintings (Gonzales, et. al. 204). This make their work more engaging and interesting, unlike the studio artists, as the audience could relate to it better and more easily. Their work demonstrated the activities of everyday life, especially the middle class. In their paintings, they showed activities such(prenominal) as shopping, working, strolling, leisure, among other activities such as love. However, most of the impressionists painted about nature (Moffett 86). Their paintings were so simple that one did non desire the services of an interpreter to know the ideas behind the reasoning of an artist (Gonzales, et. al. 204). Additionally, the simple nature of their artwork place each artist with their work, an element absent from the traditional art genre. Significance of the impressionists Despite criticisms that the impressionists artists faced, they played a big role in the revolution of the modern art. The determination in which they had in fighting for their example in art world paid off when the audience started appreciating their work. Although their first few exhibition projects did not pay off, the impressionists he ld top their dream of making their tendency known to the people (Salvi et al. 4). Now, modern artwork incorporates more features and characteristics of the impressionists artwork features. Modern artists freely use color, and prefer landscaping, urban and suburban lifestyles in their work. Some imaginatively however incorporate culture in their artwork. Salvi et al. (5) point out that the introduction of a new style of painting also did away with interpreters. In the French gallery, there were painting interpreters who guided the audience in

How relevant are pluralist theories of the state in todays world Essay

How relevant are pluralist theories of the assert in todays world - Essay ExampleWith the practice of democracy in the United States as the point basis of such a claim by pluralists, is it safe to say that equality under the lawfulness is enforced in the face of political, social, and religious diversity among men, and the conflicting interests of their representatives?Common sense, defined by Cambridge Dictionaries, as the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us wait in a reasonable and safe course is deemed the starting point of pluralism. As our forefathers labored their way towards civilization, they became conscious of the diversity among men in terms of philosophical and religious concepts, and learned the ways to check use of such reality in the acquisition of their basic needs and protection from the forces that they had no guarantee over (Chaurasia 2001). With the assortment of interests taken into consideration, they began to ackno wledge the role of each group representing those interests, and endeavored to pursue a common good.Religion is one aspect that confirmed the separate inclinations of men, and in fact a subject of more confrontations among races today. Although it introduces the supremacy of one God, Protestantism encompasses several denominations as a result of variations in the method its followers introduce the faith. Even Islam of the Arab communities, although practiced in almost uniformed way by the devotees, encompasses doctrines that are somehow construed inconsistently. However, until now before their advent, pluralism of the deities has been prevalent amongst the indigenous population of the American territory. Professor Catherine Albanese of the University of California asserts that the colonial period in U.S. history was marked by religious pluralism, as Native Americans, African slaves, and European settlers practiced their get diverse forms of religion

Argument Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument explore - Essay ExampleResearchers lay down noted that couples in arranged marriages have fewer chances of getting disunited, and with the new-fashioned spike in divorce, these arranged marriages could be the solution to preventing divorce.In arranged marriages, couples readily get blessings of the parents and companionable acceptance from the community, which is essential for bet on when they have issues. It is normal for a couple in marriage to have issues and challenges, but if these issues are left unresolved, then chances of divorce become high. In arranged marriages, the couple has the support of both parents and the community, and thus, during conflicts, they can seek the support of these people to solve their issues (Beverly 16). Moreover, the parents or aunties are better see in marital issues, and thus, they are better equipped in helping the couple to handle marital challenges that they may come across from time to time. In love based marriages, since coup les met on their own they consort to solve their problems on their own, and when they fail, they stop communicating, which is the first step towards divorce. A successful marriage is all round understanding and communication, and this is the foundation of arranged marriages.Although people in arranged marriage marry without being in love first, sociologists have noted that, in countries where people practice arranged marriage the rate of divorce is not as high as in countries where the people chose their own partners and marry (Liu 49). For example, among the Indian community, they passing practice arranged marriage, and as a result, divorce is very rare. This arises for several reasons both negative and positive. First, couples in arranged marriages are bound by religious and cultural obligations, which make it hard to divorce. In many cases, even if the marriage does not work out, staying married is a better

Pressures for Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pressures for Change - Essay ExampleBarrett was barely a grade old at the organization when America started the war on Iraq. This was in 2001. The war was solely a political represent that had dire consequences on different aspects of the American economy. It strained the economy as more(prenominal) money was needed to fund the fight. In this case, the money could only be sourced from public fund which is valuate collected. This resulted in a shift in the purchasing forms of most the American marketplace. The war also abnormal international markets. For instance, sympathizers of the Iraqi government started discriminating against American products and Intel was one of the companies that felt the consequence of the discrimination. Intel manufactures computer chips and sells them polish off to other companies some of which are situated overseas (Palmer, Dunford & Akin, 2009). The poor performance following this had detrimental consequences on the firms standings at the stocks ma rket since low sales meant lower profits resulting to low dividends to its share holders. As a result, investors began shying off from Intels shares and this was to blame for the poorest price of twenty dollars that the ships companys share got to by family 2001. This poor performance caused by the geopolitical factor needed effective change to reverse. It was a propensity that could have seen this leading market player liquidated within the shortest period and the chief executive office Craig Barrett could non have known what would have hit him. Being the aggressive individual he was, he observe the need initiate change and introduce a brand into the market that could sustain the buying trends at the time. It is with this in mind that he launched faster and smaller processors at lower prices. With this type of product, the firm shifted its market target from the high end citizens to the middle and low class who coincidentally formed the majority of the population. He also was f orced to diversify the firms operation. He transformed the company from merely make the microprocessors to a manufacturer of other information and communication appliances. In as much as the move to begin manufacturing other communication and information appliances was a good one, it was bound to impact negatively on the general sale of the firms products. Intel initially manufactured these micro chips and sold them to other manufacturers of ICT products such as Toshiba, Acer, and Hewlett Packer (HP). This meant that these other secondary firms would buy these chips in bulk and use them to manufacture their products. only when since Intel would still reserve the copyright laws, they would always indicate that their products had Intel chips. This acted as a platform for further advertising for Intels products. It is, therefore, only logical that when Intel began manufacturing such appliances as computers and mobile phones, it started competing for the very limited market with its precedent customers. This would not have been received positively by these companies as they started treating Intel as a competitor and not a supplier. This further reduced the sales of the firms products and contributed to the poor price of the firm in the year 2001 and early 2002. With a poor performance, and the changes that the chief executive officer was making in the firm, the company was most definitely taking a newer shape. The

Innovations in on-line payment systems for retail customers Thesis

Innovations in on-line pay systems for retail customers - Thesis Example overwhelms Thesis INNOVATIONS IN ON-LINE PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR sell CUSTOMERS MICHAEL YUSHCHENKO INNOVATIONS IN ON-LINE PAYMENT SYSTEMS FOR RETAIL CUSTOMERS Masters Thesis At the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management Supervised by Dr. Dirk Rudolph Prof. Dr. ... The cash is transformed into electronic format. There are many types of payment systems in the world now, barely the doubt lies in matters of trade protection. It is very important to identify the secure way of online payment mode. In e-commerce the doing usually takes place between the client, the trader and the bank. The client transfers the m stary to the seller through the web with the admirer of online banking services and the desired product is delivered to the buyer at his/ her doorstep (Abrazhevich 1-3). An electronic payment system must have the following characteristics Security The most important thing in online payment system is the security of transaction. Unfortunately, the electronic money is considered a simple file like the other files, which can be copied. So the problem of copying or double spending of the money should be avoided. Transferability This deals with the transfer of funds from one account to another without a bank intermediary. Flexibility The payment gateway must give abundant flexibility to the buyers and sellers to make payments from alternative forms payment options. Reliability The payment system must be on tap(predicate) to eliminate system errors (Bhasker 357-358). It has been studied that in the year 2010, the market share for credit card payments has change magnitude about 40 percent in North America. Due to this reason, American Express has launched digital payment systems in the year 2011. This would offer different forms of payment systems to the customers. In Latin America about 70 percent of the customers prefer online payment systems to traditional payment methods. In Brazil systems like SafetyPay, and BrasPag are works together to bring about a revolution in the online payment market.

John dillinger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

John dillinger - Research Paper ExampleHis start died when he was barely three and his father, an industrious grocer, brought him up in an environment of disciplinary extremes, at generation harsh and repressive, but permissive and generous at other times. When Dillingers father married other wife six years later, he became devoted to his step-mother who took care of him as if he were her own son. He went to Public school No. 38 but he became tired of school and quit originally finishing grade eight and got a job in a veener mill (Kekionga Press, 6). Dillinger quickly unconnected interest with the job and he stayed out all night most of the times. Bothered that city temptations would obscure his son, Dillingers father, moved his family to a farm near Mooresville, Indiana, but this did not change him he started path wild within no time. He later joined the navy, following trouble with the law (theft) and a break with his father. However, he soon got himself into problems and l eft his ship after docking in Boston.

Women in Early Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Women in Early psychological science - Essay ExampleThe purpose of this research is to document, evaluate and make visible the diversity and excellence of womens contributions to the sub battleground emerged in the form of child psychology. How and in what circumstances women pioneers cascade in the field and what motivated them to de ballot their hearty contributions towards child psychology are the concerns that not only enablight-emitting diode present-day(a) psychologists to acknowledge the broadening of framework inwardly which women sought knowledge in context with child psychology, but these are the issues which no doubt laid the foundation for the integration of womens contributions into children works. Therefore, this paper is a brief effort to seek and analyze the extent to which contemporary psychologists complement earlier work so as to provide a brief synopsis of examining the careers and contributions of women psychologists since the inauguration of child psycholo gy as a science in the late nineteenth century.Womens entry into psychology is though associated with a myriad of overlapping and interweaving social and frugal factors shaping American culture in the early nineteenth century. ... women to enter into psychology include the events of world wars, the great depression and its social and economic aftermath, while the civil rights movement and the resurgence of the womens movement in the 1960s and 1970s were also the factors prudent for provoking awareness among women. Many early male psychologists believe that the credit of entering women in this field goes to feminists because early feminists who organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention intended equality for women. But since political realities oppose and led this notion to exploit the rhetoric of the reform movements, it was decided by the bureaucrats that in order to maximize voting (which was needed badly at that time) women could stand near the ballot box to watch the children casting vote at the ballot box (O Connell & Russo, 1988, p. 9). Later with the help of feminist reform movements when women were given access to higher(prenominal) education, better conditions of employment and equal political rights, the emphasis on child welfare increased and was accompanied by a societal and professional approach. This trend led women to be more professional resulting in the emergence of womens contribution towards psychological science, which served as a tool to access higher education. Working on political school of thought, with such approach women started contemplating the role of the motherhood in context with a scientific inception of work that required intelligence and training in order to produce healthy generation. Thus, motherhood along with the collaboration of science initiated a unique service of child welfare that suggested a framework potty womens higher education and that was to encourage womens participation in the world of child psychology. The Contribution of Stella

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts portrayed in the Essay - 2

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts visualized in the traditional marketing literature have only limited application in guide subatomic business ma - Essay Exampleof the products that are sold through the help and facilitation of dispersion carry, word of mouth approaches and formation of brand personalities and so on and so forth. When it comes to an understanding of the working methodologies of small and large businesses, there is a direct change which is manifested as per their working mechanisms and related undertakings. What we aim to theater is to discern the fact that small and large businesses do it differently both from the short term as well as in the long run.Thus kicking off the debate in the agate line of the business size, the first and foremost understanding is of delving into what marketing concept actually is. The sales concept is essentially making sure a product is produced and hence sold through proper distribution channels while on the oth er hand a marketing concept entails the pre-production activities related with a product, shiting and marketing it extensively when its on the shelves of the retail outlet and looking after the post purchase dissonance, if any there is found. Similarly, customer satisfaction would mean their retention and eventual further selling of the product. Hard sell of the product can come under the marketing concept but then again spongelike sell is a strategy that tries to smoothly get into the purchase cycles of its intended customers and hence make a sale. The evaluation of the marketing concept is made possible due to the hard line policies drafted by the masses who were in charge of carrying out the sales concept which was simply to produce a product and so sell it, without gaining proper insight as to whether or not this product met the intended requirements of the customer or it had some defect which needed to be repaired at the earliest. Now the aspect of hard sell and docile s ell could be equally true for the small and the large business entities since the small business cannot secure focus on the soft sell approach as it has to get its message through to the germane(predicate) target

International Crime Witness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Crime chance - Assignment ExampleNotably, as per the fourth amendment of the US, courts orders police not to involve in unnecessary seizure or search of any place or individual without any warrants. Furthermore, as per the Fifth Amendment, an incriminate cannot be forced by the court of law to make any statements that might act against his well up being in future instances. Furthermore, to seek fast trail as per the sixth amendment is also some other right of impeach in the US that is taken into consideration by the court of law (Missouri protective cover and Advocacy Services, n.d.). On the other hand, in the UK, criminal accused are provided with the right of appropriate tryout in the court. Individuals, irrespective of the nature of their accusation must availed proper legal hearing with the assistance of a well experienced solicitor. In the UK, accused will also have the right to see the evidences on the basis of which any decision can be taken against him/h er by the court of law (Jacobson & Talbot, 2009). contrastive legal approaches also exist amid the two nations i.e. the US and the UK with regard to the treatment provided to the defendants. Defendants of suspects in the UK who is accused of a particular crime will need to encounter with several trails by the court of law. They will be liable to get legal assistance from the legal authorities of the nations so that his/her rights of getting a clear trial could be ensured (Talbot, 2012). Similarly, in the US court, criminal defendants are provided with equal opportunities to clarify their point or justify themselves as an innocent. Furthermore, fair access to the legal assistance provided by the government to its citizen, is also unspoilt in during trial proceedings of criminal defendants in the US.Once crime against a particular accused is justified and proved, he/she will be imprisoned in the US for a particular item of time based upon the

Policy Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy Making - Essay ExampleThey go away also help in assisting the staffs and the lawmakers in drafting legislation. Lobbying group will interpreted the impact of the proposed rules and legislation. They will organize demonstrations and protest, talking to the media, running advertisement, hosting potential drop candidates and engaging in litigation. Most of these groups are not shy of offering campaign to the law makers (Rosati & Scott 2014). early(a) indirect techniques that can be used are, working through third parties. These will help in influencing legislators and public policy. This can be done by making phone call, writing of emails to the members of an organization to notify their concerns. By use of these techniques, policies will be influenced by the communicated group by offering support. Lobbing groups is more effective than this technique. In a well-funded interest, groups try to gain public support by mass emailing, media advertisement, and publication. The main case for using these techniques is because they are effective and will create the intend pressure to the public to influence our policies1. give the current semipolitical climate, some of the challenges we intend to face are both economic and political. Politically, providing evidence of or intended policy will be a problem. This because our policies are experimental with no grantee of our intended purpose Without the evidence, we might fall back on ideology and conventional wisdom. Policies are not make in a vacuum but rather typically emerge from a maelstrom of political energy. Some of the factors that will influence how good the evidence is include the methodology. A good methodology will allow proper consideration of the problem. Another factor is research skills Good skills will enable splendid research of a problem. Another challenge is that, gathering evidence might take a roofy of time. This can

Energy in American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Energy in Ameri buns narrative - Essay ExampleIn fact, there was less reliance on the wood for fueling locomotives after(prenominal) discovery of sear. Moreover, there was a high preference for coal as a source of cipher was due to its higher-energy content compared to wood. Coal was needed for production of coke in the process of manufacturing iron and firebrand in fact, it was identified as an economical component in the production process. Nevertheless, the make-up will focus on exploring intent of energy in America through a comparison of different sources, succession the next section will summarize arguments in these sources, thereby evaluating them to determine whether they are honest and accurate. Finally, the paper will explore the historical context for energy issue and discuss the way know leadge notify influence evaluation of these arguments. on that point was profound growth of energy consumption in the transport celestial sphere during the nineteenth century, and this growth led to an exhaustion of sources of energy such as wood and coal, in American history. However, this was not until the Second World War, when petroleum was introduced (Johnson, 30). Establishment of petroleum let to a shift from exercising of coal as a source of energy to use of diesel and blusteroline on locomotives and trucks. This was alike facilitated by engines designed to consume gasoline and diesel, thereby making petroleum products predominant sources of energy for transportation. Nevertheless, this led to a rise in labor issues, safety standards, increased costs of coal production and a reduction in the use of coal as a source of energy. Years later, there was a reemergence of coal consumption as a source of energy, which involved firing electrical generators this clearly indicated its berth as source of energy. However, introduction of petroleum as a source of energy and natural gas continued to reduce use of coals as a prime supply of energy. There was a gain ground increase in the use of petroleum in the 1920s after a completion of the beginning petroleum drilling project by Edwin Drake (WOU, 1). In fact, this led to a significant increase of use of petroleum during the depression, which increased until 1973. In this case, petroleum can be considered the only source of energy that underwent sudden increase in consumption during the American history. Issues and arguments at this section of the paper entails a comparison of devil sources from both governmental and non-governmental website, and these sources seem to agree in numerous accounts regarding changes in the consumption of energy in American history. Therefore, these accounts can be considered rational, and with an attribute of high level of accuracy. Consequently, this makes the stance of the paper to be in agreement with the accounts provided by these sources in relation to the history of energy consumption in America. Evaluation of the Arguments There has been a notabl e change in the patterns of energy consumption over the American history passim the development of different sources of energy and change of energy consumptions. Therefore, the arguments proposed in the first section of the paper can be considered rational and accurate. In fact, there are other websites indicating that wood was used as a source of energy before establishment of coal, which was later replaced by petroleum. In this case, accounts by these sources indicate that coal was a highly preferred source of energy during the nineteenth century. Moreover, different sources also indicated that in

Samsung Going Global Essay Example for Free

Samsung Going Global EssayAlmost one in five televisions shipped during the third quarter of 2009 had a Samsung label on it. Thats according to DisplaySearch, a market research company that tracks sales of TVs. As The Wall Street diary noted on Wednesday, Samsungs 17. 2 percentand growing per centum of the oecumenical TV market is a big deal. No company has had a 20 percent share of televisions since TVs were first sold. The speed with which Samsung has overtaken its competitors is fairly remarkable as well. Just four years ago, the company lagged rear end Sony, who was then the king of the new flat-panel scene.Since passing Sony in sales, Samsung has doubled the number of TVs it ships every year. Samsung shipped 38 meg TVs buy the farm year, according to DisplaySearch, and a goal for 2010 is to sell 45 million TVs. Sony, meanwhile, has floundered in the market it in one case dominated. Its worldwide market share of flat-panel TVs is 5. 9 percent, according to Display Sear ch. Thats behind LG (14. 8 percent), Panasonic (6. 9 percent), and TCL Electronics/RCA/Thomson/Alcatel (6. 6 percent). For Samsung, broad consumer acceptance of flat-panel engineering has been a boon, and it appears that the company plans to milk it.Of the 38 million TVs the company shipped last year, 27. 5 million were liquid crystal displays, or LCDs, and 3. 5 million were plasma displays. An executive told the Journal that Samsung wants its total number of flat-panel sets to increase to 39 million this year. Samsung has been one of the major manufacturers pushing LCD technology with light-emitting diode, or LED, backlighting, as well as Web-connected sets, and focusing less on new display technologies such(prenominal) as organic light-emitting diode, or OLED, technology.

Global Warming and its Effects on Society Essay Example for Free

Global heating plant and its Effects on Society Es differentiateGlobal warming or climate change is defined as whatever substantial change in the primings climate that quarter go on for an all-embracing period of time. Global warming can cause an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. It can produce different causes, but the hotshot reason pinpointed as its cause is human interference, particularly the push button of excessive amounts of glasshouse gases (EPA, 2006 cited in YeSeul Kim et al). at that place are several greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), peeing vapor, and fluorinated gases which act like a greenhouse on earth. Since the situation is that there are more greenhouse gases, then there would be a bigger chance of the erupt trapped in the earths atmosphere. The earth cannot function in its present state if there are no occurring greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CH4, and water vapor. This means that without greenho use gases, there will be no heat trapped in atmosphere, thus, the earth will become very cold. (NASA, 2002 as cited in YeSeul Kim et al). Scientists say that they demand confirmed that climate change is caused by human activity (Scientists say international warming is undeniable).They have yet presented their findings to the American Association for the Advancement of experience in Washington. Evidence is that when one looks at the oceans and the thawing of the Arctic ice, it leaves no room for one to doubt that planetary warming is indeed happening today. It was even revealed by Tim Barnett of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography that new computer models that are able to look into ocean temperatures shew the clearest sign that global warming is already happening (Scientists say global warming is undeniable). Scientists like Dr.Barnett say in no uncertain terms that the real place to look is in the ocean. His team has conducted many temperature readings made by the US Nat ional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in order to work out steady ocean warming. This report was published after the United Nations Kyoto Protocol collected of 141-nation environmental pact. The US team made use of solar warming and volcanic warming, in order to account for the measurements made. scour observing animals lead these scientists to conclude that there are clear effects on animals.Other researchers ready clear effects on climate and animals. Ruth Curry of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution revealed that run ice is now already changing the water cycle, which in turn affects ocean reals and then finally, the climate. There are also droughts happening in the west and in Greenlands ice cap which is composed of ice enough to raise sea levels by seven meters (Scientists say global warming is undeniable). A recent documentary on UK Channel 4 entitled The Great Global melt snarf challenged the political view that global warming is caused by man-made factors .However, the movie says that the sun that is responsible for the current changes in the Earths temperature. The film shows the many opinions of scientists and climate experts that spur a growing reject to the man-made theory. But these are all theories. Scientists have reminded us that the Sun determines our seasons, and has a bigger partake on the climate. German and Swiss scientists reveal that there is an increase in radiation from the sun that results in the present climate change. (Marshall). There are also researches saying that global warming is a untruth which is propagated by the media.They reckon that the temperature estimates of past climates are just estimates. These have been estimated by scientists who try to prove that global warming exists. Some still maintain that global warming is just another conspiracy to hire Americans down (Global Warming The Great Lie). In the end, the more important thing to remember is how to champion the environment when it is changing due to the global warming especially when there are confusing information more or less the real status of global warming and how people can cope up with it.(All Global Warming is Local-The Politics and Science of Regional Climate Impacts). Most of the critical issues that global warming involve is how to excogitate for these climate changes. The U. N. s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers which is mainly a political document. Media is using this to gear up more sentiments among the people. (Bender, 2007). This is supposedly beingness edited to conform to the political agenda of the UN politicians.The document states that Changes made after acceptance by the running(a) Group or the Panel shall be those necessary to ensure consistency with the Summary for Policymakers or the Overview Chapter. And whether one likes it or not, the continued rapid cooling of the earth since WWII is in accord wit h the increase in global air pollution associated with industrialization, mechanization, urbanization and exploding population. (Reid Bryson, Global Ecology Readings towards a rational strategy for Man, 1971 as cited in Bender).WORKS CITEDAll Global Warming is Local-The Politics and Science of Regional Climate Impacts. Nov. 12, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at http//www. desmogblog. com/all-global-warming-is-local-the-politics-and- science-of-regional-climate-impacts Bender, John. Man-Made Global Warming Is Politics Not Science. Etherzone. Fen. 12, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at http//www. prisonplanet. com/articles/february2007/130207Warming. htm Global Warming The Great Lie. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at http//www. geocities.com/northstarzone/GLOBAL. html Marshall, Andrew. Global Warming A Convenient Lie. Global Research. March 15, 2007. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at http//www. globalresearch. ca/index. php? consideration=viewArticlecode=20070315 articleId=5086 Scientists say global warming is undeniable. ABC News Online. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at http//www. abc. net. au/news/newsitems/200502/s1306233. htm YeSeul Kim, Erika Granger, Katie Puckett, Cankutan Hasar, and Leif Francel Global Warming Definition. Retrieved January 2, 2008 at

Culture affects Essay Example for Free

refinement affects EssayThis essay will be focussed on comparing two moving pictures from two contrasting plays, the main characters and their personalities, and how their culture affects them.The two plays in question are Arthur milling machines The melting pot and Blackrock by Nick Enright.Arthur Miller was an American playwright who was born in 1915. He grew up in New York to a Judaic family. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1938 where he began to distinguish himself as a playwright.His play The Crucible was written in 1953 and later adapted to a film starring Daniel Day Lewis and Winnona Rider in 1996. The Crucible inspired by the Salem Witch Trials. A group of innocent girls are caught dance and chanting in the forest around a fire. (Puritan England where all forms of dancing and enjoyment would be stringently forbidden) To give up themselves from being punished, they cry witchcraft and within days the whole town goes mad inquisitive for the presence of the Devil and his witches. The few honest and true people who do not lie to save themselves from hanging are coldly murdered, including John Proctor the main male role.Nick Enright was born in Maitland in New South Wales. He started his career in the theatre as a adolescent and wrote Blackrock in 19 and later on in 1997 was adapted to a film. Blackrock about a teens perfect surfer lifestyle is shattered when a young girl is brutally murdered after a beach party and the investigation comes close to his circle of friends. The young man Jared, must deal with his moral sense and his sense of loyalty to his friends.Both the plays Blackrock and The Crucible although set in different time periods, both consume a main character faced with some sort of personal moral dilemma. The decision betwixt right and wrong, and having the courage to put yourself at risk on behalf of others.Act 4 of The Crucible The scene changes from the Vestry in the Courthouse to Salem jail.Marshall Herrick ent ers and wakes up Goody Good and Tituba so that they can be moved to a different cell.Tituba tells Herrick that they await the Devil, who will fly them to Barbados.The Reverend Hale arrives and tells the prisoners that they must cede to being witches in order to thwart the ridiculous Court and avoid being hanged.Reverend Parris discovers that Abigail and leniency Lewis have disappeared after robbing Parris and he suspects they may have boarded a ship. Parris delays telling Danforth this news because he fears that in that respect will be a rebellion in Salem similar to the recent uprising in Andover. There they threw out the Court, as the people were unhappy with the proceedings.When Danforth learns about the disappearance of Abigail he still considers that the show up stands and will not postpone the executions for it would be a sign of weakness. Hale pleads with him to reconsider or at least give him time to persuade the prisoners to confess. Reverend Hale is having difficulties in persuading the seven condemned to death to confess, and he pleads again with Danforth for more time.He senses that Proctor is considering confessing, so he asks Elizabeth to talk to her husband stressing the future in store for their children if he is hanged. Elizabeth feels responsible for Proctors situation because she lied in Court. She also feels guilty for being rummy about her husband after the affair with Abigail. She tells Proctor that she totally forgives him for the affair. Proctor hopes that if he makes an oral defense in Court, that will be sufficient for his Judges, but they require it in writing and it will be posted on the Church door. He cannot face this and, therefore, retracts his confession. He would rather die, and preserve his good name.

Sample Questionnaire Essay Example for Free

Sample Questionnaire Es submitThe purpose of this survey is to determine to what consequence the different factors in carriage do and study inte equaliser affects individual.Enclosed you in allow for find a self-addressed, stamped envelope to use when returning(a) the survey. enjoy feel free to include any additional comments you deem necessary or pertinent to improving the behavioral aspect of individual. Be assured that all your answers ar highly confidential and will be treated with privacy. Your chemical reaction and time is greatly appreciated. Thank youSincerely,Floriden DairoCamille PunzalanMarilyn Vargsabloody shame Grace RomeroJohn capital of Minnesota Bernaldez(BSE III-B, English)Below is a list of statements. Please indicate how you feel close to eachstatement by checking the box of your answer.How family background does affect your behavior and interest in study habits? 1. My parents really care for me(_) True(_) faux2. I get along well with my parents and siblings(_) True(_) False3. My parents really listen to I fork out to say(_) True(_) False4. My parents care whether I come at home very late at nighttime (_) True(_) False5. My parents didnt pay attention to what I have to say.(_) True(_) False6. My parents didnt appreciate my exploit(_) True(_) False7. My parents always fight(_) True(_) False8. My mother always nagged me especially if we do not have enough money (_) True(_) False9. My parents didnt support our studies(_) True(_) False10. My parents encouraged me to have an occupation at an early age (_) True(_) FalseHow do gadgets affect your attitude and interest in the study? support your answers.1. What gadgets do you have?(_)Cellular phone (_) IPod (_) Television (_) Radio (_) Digital Camera (_) others 2. Do you really essential to romp games, listen to music, etc. rather than studying your lesson? (_)Yes (_) No3. Whenever your mother does the household chores, do you serving her? (_)Yes (_) No4. At night, do you prefe r to listen in the radio, instead of taking a rest?(_) Yes (_) No5. Instead of playing outdoor activities, do you prefer to stay at home and play with your gadgets? (_) Yes (_) No6. Did your parents bought whatever you ask, like all your gadgets for you to be in with your armadas? (_)Yes (_) No7. Did radio, television, and other technologies sometimes wait on you to do your school activities? (_) Yes (_) No 8. Do you use your gadgets to degrade your classmates for not having it? (_)Yes (_) No9. Did you spend more than time with your gadgets rather than with your family? (_)Yes (_) No10. Did your parents allowed you to addict in all gadgets that may cause of losing your interest with your studies. (_)Yes (_) NoHow do peers and peer pressure affects your attitude and study interest? Do you prefer to do things separately?(_) Yes (_) NoDo you prefer to do things with the help of your friends?(_) Yes (_) NoDo your friends affect largely your decision-making?(_) Yes (_) NoDo you always decide based on your peers decisions?(_) Yes (_) NoDo you take your friends judgments before making friends to others? (_) Yes (_) NoI am conscious about what I will wear before my friends might tease me. (_) Yes (_) NoAre you afraid on ballyrag?(_) Yes (_) NoIf yes, do you have a feeling that if you neglect your friends judgments, they might ruffian you? (_) Yes (_) NoIf no, do you believe that if you dont do something wrong, nothing should be shame of? (_) Yes (_) NoDo you agree that self-progression is through your own hard work and perseverance? (_) Yes (_) NO1) How familiar are you with your schools mission statement for school unhurtty Very FamiliarSomewhat familiarNot overly familiarNot at all Familiar2) How familiar are you with your schools emergency response design? Very FamiliarSomewhat familiarNot excessively familiarNot at all FamiliarPlease tell us how much you agree or disagree with the following statements. 3) direct staff and governing uphold all disciplin e policies. strongly resist protestUndecided fitStrongly stand for4) The school provides adequate training for staff on school policies and procedures. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly Agree5) Emergency response proposals are known by all teachers and administration. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly Agree6) Emergency response drills are performed regularly by teachers and students. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly Agree7) The school has an anonymous student hotline for reporting potential salutaryty problems, such as threats. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly Agree8) The school takes all threats and rumors of violence seriously and investigates appropriately. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly Agree8) All visitors to the school are hold and accounted for at all times. Strongly DisagreeDisagreeUndecidedAgreeStrongly AgreePlease tell us how satisfied or dissatisfied you are with the following 9) How satisfie d are you with the level of control the school maintains on all entrances and exits? Very snugslaked disgruntledVery disgruntledDont Know10) How satisfied are you with the exterior safety lighting? Very SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedDont Know11) How satisfied are you with the interior safety lighting? Very SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedDont Know12) How satisfied are you with the level of support the administration gives to teachers for dealing with discipline problems? Very SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedDont Know13) Overall, how safe do you feel in your classroom?Very SafeSome what safeNot too safeNot at all SafeDont Know14) Overall, how safe do you feel foreign on the school grounds? Very SafeSome what safeNot too safeNot at all SafeDont Know15) Overall, how satisfied are you with your schools safety policies? Very SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedDont Know16) Overall, how satisfied are you with your schools emerge ncy response plan? Very SatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfiedVery DissatisfiedDont KnowPlease indicate the extent to which the following are problems for you.Always-3 Often 2 Sometimes -1 Never 0Cutting classesSaying crappy wordsBulliedSmokingFinancial problemAbsenteeismExcessive use of alcoholSleeping during the class ripe homeworkLatecomerCheatingFighting with others studentsUsing cell phones/iPods/electronics during class hour Being honest about all rulesPlease indicate the extent to which the following are the appropriate assessment for the behavioral victimization of the students. Strongly Agree-3 Agree-2 Disagree-1 strongly disagree-0Conducting seminars and ProgramsMaking organizations having counselingPunishmentsDismissal of the students from schoolDetentionReferencesDurand, V. M., Crimmins, D. B. (1992). Motivation assessment scale. Topeka, KS Monaco Associates Incorporated.Iwata, B. A., DeLeon, I. G. (1995). The operable analysis screening tool (FAST). Unpublished manuscri pt, University of Florida.Lewis, T.J., Scott, T., Sugai, G. (1994). The problem behavior questionnaire A teacher-based instrument to develop useful hypotheses of problem behavior in general education classrooms. Diagnostique, 19(2-3), 103-115.Mason, S. A. Egel, A. L. (1995). What does Amy like? Using a mini-reinforcer assessment to make up student single outicipation in instructional activities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 28, 42-45.ONeill, R. E., Horner, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., Sprague, J. R. (1997). Functional assessment and programme development A practical handbook. Pacific Grove, CA Brookes/Cole Publishing Company.Singh, N. N., Matson, J. L., Lancioni, G. E., Singh, A. N., Adkins, A. D., McKeegan, G. F., Brown, S. W. (2006). Questions about behavioral die hard in mental illness (QABF-MI). Behavior Modification, 30(6), 739-751.https//www.google.com.ph/search?q=sample+survey+questionnaire+about+family+backgroundtbm=ischtbo=usource=univsa=Xei=BWpdUp62E8fxiAfUiI GIDwved=0CGIQsAQbiw=1366bih=664facrc=_imgdii=_imgrc=bWprTi6c_vvXQM%3A%3B9lwusfzU6z3OBM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.uncssp.org%252Fimages%252Fsspsamplequestions_school11ak.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.uncssp.org%252Fabout_samplequestions.asp%3B300%3B392Questionnaire(SOCS II)Submitted byCamille PunzalanFloriden DairoMarilyn VargasMary Grace RomeroJohn Paul BernaldezSubmitted toMs. Mileth Caraan(SOCS 2 Teacher)GOODBYE By AnonymousI wish I hadnt met someone like you soul who is good to be true Someonewith charms of dreams, of fiction Someone youd be willing to pour out your affection Goodbye for me, I wont look back Your jokes so funny, youd make me crack Your laughter, your grimace, voice so sweet Your lips so red, your eyes so deep.To my questions you are the answer You are the bonfire in the cold day of overwinter You are the rain that makes flower bloom You are the light that comes from the moon. But goodbye for now, we must part Youll always occupy a place in my heart As I turn my back, hinder and be glad Rather than remember and be sad Just wipe your eyes and smile once more Hope youd find what youre looking for Goodbye my life, my strength, my love, A stage of fate from heavens above.

Welcome Address Essay Example for Free

Welcome Address EssayA warm and pleasant evening to solely those who are present here. If there are no stars,there wont be any knockout in the sky. If there is no difference of opinions there wont be any yeasty and innovative ideas. Similarly if there is no Annual Function in our school, there wont be any chance for our young and dynamic children to uphold the pride of the institute, to catalogue the challenges we face, the endeavors we made andthe victory we achieved and to show what we were, what we are and what we will be. Here am I hence, much privileged to stand forwards you, to extend profound wishes andgreetings from the bottom of my heart, to bring the warmth of our affection, throughthe stream of love, to welcome each and every maven of you.It is time for yet another daylight of the year to exhibit the talents of all our children, to bring to your kind pecker their academic excellence, and the medals they bagged intheir outstanding performance in spots, and the g rades they achieved in extracurricular activities, and in everything they speak and perform at once as the cultural feastunfolds.We are extremely happy to have you with us today, to share in our rapture and delightfulmoments of the day, and to be part of what we are. Wishing you all once again ahappy and memorable stay, I remain.Thank you.INTRODUCING THE CHIEF lymph glandI am profuse elated to take an opportunity to introduce our chief guest of the day Rev.Dr. N. Ravichandran, the director of the IIM Indore. He is graduated from IIMMadras in 1980 with specialization in Applied Probability. He joined IIM Ahemdabadas cogency in Production and Quantitative Method Area in 1980.His teaching and look interest imply Applied Probability, Business ProcessReengineering, Competitive Strategy, IT for Competitive Advantage, Logistics andSupply Chain Management, Operation Strategy, Quantitative Methods inManagement, Simulation and Stochastic Modeling.He had held several(prenominal) short ter m visiting positions in many European Universities.Hehas edited and co-authored 6 books, presented 80 research papers in national andinternational conference, 70 research publications in peer reviewed journals andauthored 40 focus cases. He has designed 8 newexecutive courses at IIMAhemdabad and introduced 7 electives in the PGA program of IIM Ahemdabad.Several companies in India and in abroad as well have sought his expertise, to evolve,tailor made executive programme, in the areas of general management, demarcation process reengineering, information technology as a source of advantage, competitivestrategy, supply chain management, logistics, operation management and strategicsourcing.Since Nov. 2008, he is the director of the IIM Indore

The planet Mars Essay Example for Free

The planet vitiate EssayThe standard atmosphere preceding(prenominal) the come of deflower is about 100 times less dense than the atmosphere of Earth. The Martian atmosphere is dense enough to support a endure system that includes clouds and winds. According to experts, Mars roller coaster-like weather is more than chaotic and unpredictable than scientists first thought. At times, the sky can appear pink and cloudless, make full with windblown dust raised from the rusty Martian come on. Tremendous dust storms sometimes rage over the entire planet.Most of the dust storms occur during the perihelion when Mars is closest to the sun. In addition, the dust storms continue to look out on the atmosphere and climate during the aphelion when Mars is furthest from the sun. Perihelion and aphelion occur every Mars year, which equals two Earth years. (Mars Atmosphere, 2002)Mars is a good deal colder than Earth. The average temperature on Mars is about -80 F (-60 C).Temperatur es at the Martian surface metamorphose from as low as about -195 F (-125 C) near the poles during the winter to as much as 70 F (20 C) at midday near the equator. (Mars Science, 2000)These shifts in climate ar caused by leash factors Mars thin atmosphere, its elliptical orbit around the sun, and strong climatic interactions between dust and piss ice clouds in the atmosphere. Mars atmosphere is so thin that it weighs less than 1 percent of Earths atmosphere. Because Mars atmosphere is so paper-thin and there atomic number 18 no oceans to store up heat from the sun, the planets temperatures respond more quickly and intensely to surface changes and atmospheric heating by the sun. There are also much larger annual changes in sunlight f eaching on Mars than on Earth, because Mars remoteness from the sun varies by 20 percent in its orbit around the sun every two years. (Mars Science, 2000)Mars has many of the kinds of surface features that are common on Earth. These include plains, canyons, and volcanoes. Overall, craters occur throughout the surface of Mars, while they are rare on Earth. In addition, fine-grained reddish dust covers almost all the Martian surface.Many regions of Mars consist of flat, low-lying plains. Most of these areas are in the northern hemisphere. They may be so smooth because they werebuilt up from deposits of sediment. There is evidence that water once flowed across the Martian surface. The water would have tended to collect in the lowest spots on the planet and then would have deposited sediments there.Near the equator of Mars, there are is a string of canyons known as Valles Marineris. Scientists believe that they were organize by the crust of the surface being stretched and ultimately split. Volcanoes appear throughout the planet. Many of these volcanoes resemble volcanoes that are in Hawaii. Their slopes rise gradually and they are referred to as shield volcanoes. They were formed from eruptions of lavas that can flow for hank er distances before solidifying. (The Surface of Mars, 2002)Martian craters are similar to craters on Earths moon. The craters have deep, bowl-shaped floors and raised rims. roughly large craters have central peaks that form when the crater floor rebounds upward after an impact. Much of the surface of the southern hemisphere is extremely old, and it contains many craters. Other parts of the surface, especially in the northern hemisphere, are younger and thus have fewer craters. (Mars, 2002)ReferencesThe Surface of Mars. (2002). Canyons and plains. Online. Available http//www.nasm.si.edu/ceps/etp/mars/surface.htmlMars Atmosphere. (2002). Online. Available http//chapters.marssociety.org/polska/mars_atmosphere.html

To Kill a Mockingbird Racial Differences Essay Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Racial Differences Essay EssayIn To Kill A Mockingbird by harper Lee, the main themes of racism and social disparity argon caused by cultural differences. The book demonstrates the struggles associated with the cultural differences in Maycomb, Alabama during the 1940s. The cultural differences are based on the social classes and hierarchy in Maycomb. At the kick the bucket of the hierarchy are the relatively well-off Finches, with regular townspeople below them. Then there are farmers like the Cunninghams, and then the poor white people like Ewells and finally the blacks. Examples of cultural differences, which cause problems for the inhabitants of Maycomb, fare from almost e real character. Cultural differences today are profoundly different from those 70 years ago. racialism is not as prevalent and social inequality is almost nonexistent.The first instance of social inequality comes on observatorys first day of school. When Walter Cunningham denies Mi ss Caroline when she offers him a quarter for lunch, Scout must explain that Cunninghams never take what they cant pay back. Also a very dirty Burris Ewell curses at Miss Caroline. This reflects the social hierarchy of Maycomb by showing how the Cunninghams and the Ewells poorest white people in the county. Another case of social inequality is Dolphus Raymonds problems. The inhabitants of Maycomb see Dolphus as an outcast because he married a black woman. Marrying someone of a different race was extremely uncommon at the time.The biggest example of racism and social inequality was Tom Robinsons trial. Bob Ewell blames Tom Robinson for the rape of his daughter because it would be the most believable story if a black man did it. In the courthouse there is a offend balcony for black people. Tom Robinson was also convicted guilty even after Atticus gives the jury uncontestable evidence proving otherwise. This is the nadir of racism in the county and shows how the county feels toward s blacks. Cultural difference not only cause conflict between blacks and whites further also between white people themselves. Atticus and the rest of Maycomb County are at odds because he defends Tom Robinson while everybody else feels that Tom is guilty. This causes many problems for him and his family too.

Similarities and differences Essay Example for Free

Similarities and differences EssayBut Ginsberg keeps confide alive by believe that salvation is possible through with(predicate) unity. Ginsberg does this by calling Solomon his brother, his equal There can only be salvation if we embrace the world as one. Like he says in line 72 ah, Carl, eon you ar not safe I am not safe, and now youre really in the check animal soup of time. Like Whitman, Ginsberg believed in embracing the Other to achieve a sense of coalition that is not ab forbidden being the same(p) that about recognizing the inherent rights and individuality of each person. And on the button like Whitman, Ginsberg was as vocal, if not more so, about homoeroticism in his poetry who let themselves be fucked in the ass by saintly motorcyclists, and screamed with joy, who blew and were bl receive by those human seraphim, the sailors, caresses of Atlantic and Caribbean love, who balled in the morning in the evenings in rose gardens and the grass of public parks and cem eteries scattering their semen freely to whomever nonplus who may. (Howl, line 36/38)And unlike in Whitmans poem, the case to homoeroticism in Ginsbergs poem is more powerful because he used direct language as compared to Whitman especially when it is considered forbidden and something short of a disease at that time. Indeed, including homoeroticism in Ginsberg poem can be seen as a tool to draw peoples attention to the reality that they refuse to accept in effect, Ginsberg is trying to make them see what they hope does not exist.More than just a homoerotic reference to Ginsbergs personal life, reading these passages as well-disposed commentary will help more in understanding the poems message and the statement it seeks to make at that time and context. Both writers coursened for a world that goes beyond the material. The only salvation possible from the degrading, repetitive and alienating modern world is the word sense of the individual and the embracing of our inherent sam eness and difference.While Whitman portrayed a world that was full of prognosticate by recognizing himself in each and everyone, Ginsberg depicted a world of counterculture to escape the stifling Molochs of modern society. He tried to find salvation in crossing the borders of language, time, society and experience. He crossed the limitations of the mind through the use of drugs and used repetition in his work to establish a quasi-religious tone or chant as an extension of the spiritual world. It is not surprising that there are many similarities between Leaves of Grass and Howl.Allen Ginsberg, after all, read Whitman and even took Whitmans tone and style in writing his own poem. Ginsbergs Howl is Whitmanesque in the sense that it took for its subject the individual and its quest for his rights and freedom, and also he occupied Whitmans natural speech rhythms and long lines. Whitman using free verse demonstrated his dedication to democracy, to a society not bound by rigid rules and uniformity but upheld individuality and freedom, and Ginsbergs adopting the same showed his own perseverance to give voice to all those who want to break free from the constricting social norms his time presented.Their uninterrupted stream of consciousness writing style, without reflective interruptions that may diminish their spontaneity, rendered the truth as they saw it. To achieve this, Whitman and Ginsberg had to cross the borders of what was generally accepted as poetry. They challenged the barriers of what was considered poetry, and by doing so, made breakthrough poetry. evidenceConsidered landmarks in American literature, both Leaves of Grass and Howl are remarkably unconventional, especially taking into billhook the time of their respective publications. Maybe the overall theme of salvation through unity was not new, but the means through which both poets achieved this definitely were during their time. Both Whitman and Ginsberg looked for new ways towards an uninhibited expression of the mind, as the above mentioned salvation was only possible through challenging existing notions of order and social norms.Thus, by challenging the conventional rules of grammar and style in their poetry, the poets were, in effect, expressing their desire for a more liberal society, for hope for the people that through their works an emotion will be stirred within them calling out for the preservation of the human spirit and freedom of the individual. For two poems separated by a hundred year interval and which continues to make waves even today, truly, it is a magnificent feat. Finally, the poems survival is enough credit to show that these are literary masterpieces worthy to be read as text by themselves and not as stainless extensions of their poets.

Energy Resources and Utilization Essay Example for Free

Energy Resources and Utilization EssayIt is very evident that vehicles today that use locomotive engine are now significantly increasing in terms of number and are considered basic fate to every one of us. As mentioned from the previous paragraph, the use of engines had been responsible in the pollution of our air and c allable to the alarming nucleus of this environmental hazard, many concerned citizens from different sectors are now responding to this eff. They are now utilise some alternatives forms of energy instead of coal as the burn downs in order to minimize the effect of global warming, which is one of the results of engine emitting chemical gases. Even the government of many countries is restricting their citizens in using vehicles that blow harmful chemical gases in the air. They are passing laws that provide cherish the environment by not allowing vehicles to be used in the road that are smoke belchers. Not only the issue of dependence on fossil fuels handle engine is concerned in this stem, but more importantly is the dependence of fossil fuels in household and office applications and industrial application. We neck for the fact that almost all people in every country enquire energy that they allow for use for their daily purposes. all(prenominal) houses located in tropical region need air conditioner while those on temperate regions need heat pump. And all these equipment need fuel in order to operate and the most popular fuel for these applications are fossil fuels and electricity. In todays grocery, the price of petroleum in the world market is significantly increasing making it more difficult for counties especially the third world countries to purchase place of petroleum in the sum East countries. The continuous increase of petroleum in the world market will add burden to those industries that depends on petroleum.Monopoly can also be observed as the Middle East countries tries to take control on the petroleum market. Th e main objective of this paper is to have compact analysis on renewable energy specifically on solar and wind energy. The analysis will tackle the energy resource as well the energy utilization in the United States. The assume will provide a basic knowledge on the alternatives fuels that can be used to alleviation coals and petroleum as main fuel on traditional engines to minimize the damage on the environment.This paper will also have a brief discussion on the different alternative methods that will not only minimized pollution but also increase the efficiency of the engine so that it will justify the replacement of coals and fossil fuels as the main source of energy for engines. Before showtime on the paper, it is better to determine the main proponents or the audience of this paper. For this paper, the audiences will compost of an individual or group of individuals that utilize engine in any forms like automobiles, vehicle, generators in a plant or any machine that has a mech anism of an engine.These people may come from different walks of life like a normal employees or an executive director in a company. It is advisable for this feasibility employment to focus on these individuals because they are the main contributors of harmful gases that is being emitted by the engine they are using. We know for the fact that machines operated by engines are part of their daily lives and businesses and they must be responsible enough to protect the environment from the harsh of toxic gases they release when using the said machines.

Evaluating the Historical Capital Budgeting Method Essay Example for Free

Evaluating the Historical Capital Bud contributeing Method Essayshortly AES employs Project Finance Framework. Project finance tends to be utilise in take tos with tangible assets with predictable qualify flows in which construction and operating targets can be easily established through explicit contract. The appoint to AES projects financing lies with the precise forecasting of cash flows. In effect, the possibility of estimating cash flows with an acceptable level of dubiety allows for allocation of happens among various interested wear extincties. The ensuing certainty in cash flows allows for high level of leverage and enables project assets to be separated from the pargonnt attach to. Let us now take a ambient look at the pros and cons of the Capital Budgeting System ongoingly in place. Principal Advantages Non-Recourse The separation of the parent federation is structured through the creation of a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV). This SPV is the formal borrower under all loan documents so that in event of default or bankruptcy AES is not directly creditworthy before financial creditors. Instead, their legal claims are against the SPV assets. Maximize Leverage Currently AES seeks to finance the cost of education and construction of the project on highly leveraged basis.High leveraged in non-recourse project financing permits AES to put little in superior to put at find permits AES to finance the project without diluting its equity clothement in the project. Off-Balance Sheet Treatment AES may not be required to report any of the project debt on its balance sheet because such debt is non-recourse. Off balance sheet treatment can take up the added practicable benefit of helping the AES comply with covenants and restriction relating to borrowing funds contained in loan agreements to which AES is also a party.Agency damage The agency be of free cash flow are reduced. Management incentives are to project performance. Most importantly c lose monitoring by investors is facilitated. Multilateral Financial Institutions One of the iv constituents that have contractual arrangement with the SPV in a typical project are the banks (an integral part group of financiers that include share holders, insurers, equipment manufacturers, export credit agencies and funds). Among these banks there are multilateral financial institutions (like IFC, CAF and etc). comportment of these institutions as financiers helps in raising capital from these institutes at lower cost and secondly it is also assume as a positive sign by commercial banks. Drawbacks Projects V/S Division The company is not only expanding its geographical boundaries, but it is also diversifying its production line through backward and forward integration. The current financial model does not provide the AES with the big picture, which now constitutes to a greater extent number of variables that are cosmos influenced by multiple factors due to the increase in depth and breadth of the cheek. ComplexityFinancing of projects requires intricacy of a number of parties. They can be quite complex and can be expensive to arrange. secondly it take aways greater amount of management time. Macroeconomic lay on the line The current methodology employed by AES for capital budgeting does not take into account the exchange rate risk. This risk will be of higher order in the create countries because of their unstable monetary and fiscal policies2. As we have seen that fluctuation in exchange rate has greatly hurt the AES business and they were unable to mitigate this risk as they havent anticipated it.This risk becomes important when the exchange rate fluctuation affects balance sheet items unequally. Thus property check on the foreign exchange rate requires timely adaptation of twain the items of revenue and expenditure, and those of assets and liabilities in different currencies. Political Risk This is another important factor which the current fi nancial management carcass does not take into account. This will be of significant importance when it comes to investing in developing countries where stag changes in government policies occur. Does this system make sense?The financial strategy employed by AES was historically based on project finance. This approach solely took into account those factors that minimized AES exposure to the project and achieved the approximately beneficial regulatory treatment thus ensuring availability of financial resources to complete the project. The model worked well for the interior(prenominal) market as well as for the international operations, provided the opportunities undertook by AES were either in the sector of construct and running a power plant or simply buying an outlasting facility and upgrading it and consequently operating.The underlying assumption over here was that the symmetrical and asymmetrical risks faced by the project were more or less same irrespective of its geograph ical location (Refer to Exhibit 3). However when AES started diversifying the breadth of its operations by incorporating other offshoots of energy related business and transforming from a cogeneration to a more utility organization with majority of expansion occurring in developing economies.This diversification of business increased the symmetrical risks like business risk, a classic example of which we see in Brazil where AES experience shortfall in demand /sales volume due to Energy Conservation Policy of Brazilian government and this had a chain of mountains effect on debt servicing capacity of the SPV as well the stock price of the parent company. former(a) factor that current model was not able to include was the risk of devaluation of currency in developing economies which resulted in significant losses due to the inability of the company to survive its international debt obligations.Expansion in developing economies also exposed the business to political risk where the polic ies change erratically with changes in government. accordingly we see that the geographical diversification of business causes asymmetrical risk to increase cavictimization bimodal behaviour in the result. Project financing becomes less recommendable as a symmetrical risk becomes more manifest. This constitutes a problem for emerging countries where these risks tends to be at the forefront. Lal Pir Project Valuation Scenario 1 PakistanIn order to address the value of project for the Lal Pir project in Pakistan, we rootage expect to calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) utilise the new proposed methodology. For this we have followed the approach given in exhibit 8 of the case. The first step is to calculate the value of levered ? using the formula and information given in the case3. The value of the levered ? comes out to be 0. 3852 or 38. 52%, which essentially means that our project is not very highly gibe to the market give.Using this value of ? we now calc ulate the cost of Equity (refer Exhibit 4A). We have used the return on U. S. Treasury Bond (i. e. 4. 5%) as the risk free return in calculating the cost of equity. The cost of equity comes out to be 0. 072 and similarly, using the risk free return and the default spread (given in exhibit 7a of case) we calculate the cost of debt which comes out to be 0. 0807. It is important to remark that the cost of debt and the cost of equity also need to be adjusted for the sovereign spread (0.0990 for Pakistan). at a time we have the adjusted costs of equity and capital we can now calculate the WACC for the project using the formula given in case where we essentially multiply equity and debt ratio with the adjusted costs of equity and debt respectively4. The WACC in this scenario comes out to be 0. 1595 or 15. 95%. However, now we need to adjust this WACC for the risks associated with doing the project in Pakistan and we do this by using Table A given in the case. We know that the summate R isk Score for Pakistan is 1.425 and since there is a linear family between business specific risk pull ahead and cost of capital5 we need to adjust our WACC by 7. 125% thus making our final WACC 23. 075%, using which we calculate our NPV (refer to Exhibit 6) from the year 2004 to 2023, and it comes out to be negative $234. 34 one million million. Scenario 2 the States For ground forces similar calculations are made to calculate the WACC (Exhibit 4B). However there are two things that are different. startle we see the sovereign spread is equal to zero. Secondly, in this case we would need to calculate the business risk using the information given in exhibit 7a of the case (refer to Exhibit 5).This score comes out to be 0. 64 and using this score, our business risk comes out to be 3. 23% and adding it to our calculated value of WACC, we get our final WACC of 9. 64%. Using this we calculate our NPV for USA which comes out to be negative $ 35. 92 million (refer to Exhibit 7). Adjus ted Cost of Capital and Probabilities of Real Events in Pakistan In calculating the adjusted cost of capital for Pakistan the WACC is adjusted for six common types of risks Operational, Counterparty, Regulatory, Construction, Commodity, Currency and Legal.We can clearly see from table A given in the case that besides construction there is a probability of all these risks very effecting the project in Pakistan. In these, the highest probability is that of currency risk and the legal risk. The adjusted cost that we have calculated is adjusted by the list risk score for Pakistan. There is a linear relationship between the total risk score and adjustment to the cost of capital, i. e. a score of 1 leads to an adjustment of 500 basis points in the WACC.When we calculate the WACC for Pakistan through traditional formula it comes out to be 15. 95%, however in order to incorporate the risk factor associated with Pakistan we need to adjust it for the Total Risk Score, which in this case is 1. 425. So we simply multiply this by 500 and we find out that we need to adjust our WACC 23. 075%. Since this 23. 075% is adjusted using the total risk score we can safely assume that it incorporates for the probability of the afro-mentioned six types of risks in WACC with respect to Pakistan.Discount Rate Adjustment USA v/s Pakistan As mentioned earlier the discount rate is adjusted based on the total risk score of the country. This total risk score is compiled from 6 main types of risks, the probability of which varies from country to country. If we simply compare the risk scores for USA and Pakistan6, we can see that there is a major difference between the risk profiles of both the countries. For instance, while currency, regulatory and legal risks are significantly high in Pakistan, they do not exist in the USA at all.Also we see that operational, counterparty and commodity risks are higher in USA as compared to Pakistan. Similarly when the respective WACCs of the two countrie s are adjusted for their risk we see that the adjusted WACC for Pakistan (23. 075%) is ofttimes higher as opposed to that of USA (9. 64%), which essentially implies that Pakistan is inherently a riskier country to invest in as opposed to the USA and any investments made in this region would have to thwartwise a higher hurdle rate than if they were made in the US region.

Brand Building And Positioning For Cadburys Marketing Essay

post Building And Positioning For Cadburys Marketing EssayThe history slowly merchandising efforts of most modern credit linees is that the confederacy should recognise the ineluctably of their nodes and produce products and services to gratify those needs. urgency this, the customer is in the middle of the product line and the decision-making process.A business which monitors this viewpoint is a market-orientated.In this unit of measurement Im going to be foc exploitation on Cadburys and Ho subroutine of Fraser and how they operate. Im also going to talking about the merchandising techniques and relationship merchandising.The production concept this is w here a business concentrates on producing economies of scale in production and dispersal of product or service. This undertakes that customers impart purchase items that ar lower priced this is so that the demand is driven by availpower. Examples of this can be found in construction suppliers, where construction firms w ill purchase cheaper mannikining materials to addition their profit margins. Cadburys and hearth of Fraser do not come under the product concept. For example, a builder interchange bricks to someone comes under this section, whereas the two other organisations dont.The gross sales concept this is mainly cognise as the aphonic sell this is because the product or service is produced and personal sell and other amply pressure selling skills are used to convince customers to part with their money. Example of this could be in a consecrate where forked glazing is sold.The marketing concept unlike all the others above, the marketing concept puts all t heir customers first, they want to put their customers in the centre of all decisions before the product or service is developed. By doing this the business is likely going to be more efficient and doing this will benefit the company and/or market. cogitate enthronement on products that customers are going to need and use instead of investing in products that customers may not like which means they wont purchase it. Cadburys uses a good strategy to connect with people, the federal agency they achieve this is by sponsoring and promoting their products or even TV programmes.CadburysIn 1824, John Cadbury opened a grocers expose at 93 Bull Street, Birmingham in the 1830s. Among other things, he sold umber and drinking coffee berry, which he prepared himself using a pestle and mortar. Johns wares werent just inspired by his tastes they were driven by his beliefs. Tea, coffee, cocoa and drinking chocolate were seen as healthy, delicious alternatives to alcohol, which Quakers deemed bad for society.House of FraserHouse of Fraser is a British bountifulness department store grouping with over 60 stores across the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was established in Glasgow, Scotland in 1849 as Arthur and Fraser. Although established in Glasgow House of Frasers largest store is located in Birmingham. By 1891 it wa s known as Fraser Sons.Marketing Techniques (Growth Strategies)The business analyst Igor Ansoff outlined some important strategies for business growth. He determine four key approaches to growing a business in 1957.Market penetration is a group of customers who may buy a product, so if someone was to produce a video support for the PS3 to be sold in the UK, your market would likely to be people in the UK who own PS3s. A business could grow by change magnitude the number of people in the market who purchase your product.Market schooling is when a company markets an existing product to a new market. For example, the PS3 game, you might want to sell your game to different countries. Nothing about the product changes it just gets sold to another market.Product development is when a business develops a new product to sell to the existing customers. So once a customer has bought your product you could sell them something else such as, an expansion pack that may include more content.D iversification here is where a business markets new products to new customers. This works two different ways, the business could produce a new product in that realm that it substantiates or it could go into a completely different area that is an unrelated area.House of Fraser uses the flexible incentive by allowing these thingsEase of formatingOnline servicesFree, fast and a secure deliveryFulfilmentHouse of Fraser Business Incentive vouchers are available in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100.You can order by post with a cheque or credit card using the enclosed order form, or by phone with a credit card. Credit account customers may order via email.All vouchers can now be redeemed online.Your House of Fraser vouchers will be despatched bordering day if the order is received by 11.00am.The Business Incentives team will be smart to prepare delivery direct to multiple addresses, on request. A small handling fee is levied for this service.n order to increase sales Cadburys needs to undertake a range ofmarketing activities before deciding upon the shell way to encouragethe purchase of its product. When identifying the staple fiber principalswhich Cadburys must apply to its marketing will be its basic physical objects because all business must have objectives it allows them toincrease sales and make profit.Corporate aims are the coarse term intentions of a business, whereascorporate objectives are the specific targets required to achieve theaims.The common aim and objectives of the mountain such as Cadburyincludes the followingSurvivalProfit maximisation- which is often taken to be the reason why firmsexists and to be the primary objectives in practices most firms havea hierarchy of objectives when a firms survival is menace it mayprofit maximise in order to restore its financial health.Growth- which includes Cadbury selling new products or expandingoverseas.Diversification- which is the spreading of business risks byreducing dependence on one pro duct.Sales maximisation- which is the increasing of salesImproving the product image-which includes creating a new logo orlaunching a new stag of product and creating more attractivepackaging.For example, Cadbury set out two objectives for the development oftheir chocolate, Fuse. These were1. To grow the market for chocolate confectionery2. To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sectorCadbury promotes its products in various ways such as the use ofabove the line promotion, which is where a product is advertisedthrough consumer media such as television, magazines, newspapers andradio.Relationship marketing (Cadburys House of Fraser)Relationship marketing is where a business concentrates on the long term value of a customer. This means knowing who the valuable customers are, starting relationships, maintaining enhancing and terminating them in order to produce a sustainable profit.Cadbury Schweppes is a marketing focused company. Its success depends on on satisfying the needs of its consumers. It is able to do this by frequently listening to consumers and learning about their changing necessities. In response to these requirements, Cadbury Schweppes strives to create new products, build on existing core denounces and find new ways to add value to existing products. By gaining the visibility, profitability and volume in the global market, a business is best placed to provide its consumers with property products and the best value for money.House of Fraser are responsible for all central marketing communications displace directly to customers this includes all email newsletters, messages in their Recognition Card member statements, local targeted mailings on behalf of stores or suppliers and national mailings/emails about events and offers for example, sales, launch of new season.Brand awarenessA common marketing objective is to raise customers shuffling awareness. This could relate to a businesss overall brand for example, BMW or to a product brand wi thin the company for example, Mini.Effective raising of brand awareness can raise sales this is because customers will subconsciously or consciously try to find a brand when buying an item or service. A high level of brand exists where consumers start to use the brand name in place of the product type.The House of Fraser brand is differentiated from other department store groups in the UK by our one hundred sixty year history in the UK retail market, their wide geographic reach (across the UK and on-line), broad range of high quality premium branded merchandise offered at competitive prices, our increasing exclusive House Brand offering and our commitment to providing an imaginative, exciting and relevant shopping experience to their customers.The Cadbury brand has a profound pretend on individual product brands. Brands have individual personalities aimed at specific target markets for specific needs e.g.TimeOut, for example, is an ideal snack to have with a cup of tea. These bran ds derive benefit from the Cadbury parentage, including quality and taste credentials. To chink the success of product brands every aspect of the parent brand is focused on. A Flake, Crunchie or TimeOut are clearly different and are manufactured to appeal to a variety of consumer segments.House of Fraser have a voucher discount scheme their vouchers carry exceptional discounts as shown below. The discount may be deducted from the bank bill or taken as additional vouchers.As a finishing touch we can tot complimentary wallets and envelopes in which to present the vouchers. These can also be personalised with your companys logo, if required (there is a stigma cost associated with personalisation, please ask the Business Incentives team for details).Brand edifice and positioningIt takes time, patience, effort and investment for brand building and maintenance. It is essential for a business to first recognise its brand values. The central messages that it wants is its customers to un derstand when they think of the brand. For example, the car Mercedes- Benz, this car is high performance, safety and prestige.Brand building and positioning for CadburysCadburys has place these brand values and adjusts its advertising strategies to reflect these values in different markets. Its strategy can vary from increasing brand awareness, educating potential customers about a new product, increasing seasonal worker purchases, or as is shortly the case in the Choose Cadbury campaign to highlight the positive emotional value of the brand.In Ireland, Cadbury has identified three key consumer segments of impulse, take home and gift. These segments reflect consumers decision-making processes.Since its inception, Cadbury in India has stayed ahead thanks to their constant marketing initiatives, that have at all points in time understood the needs of and opportunities in a changing nation but Nestle had stood firm in second position resulting from their responsibilities and providing quality products. Amul an Indian company has been able to create brand quality and thus selling their product through their name.Brand building and positioning for House of FraserOne of the most valuable aspects of the House of Fraser brand is the equity built up over many years as an endorser of the prestigious brands they have as part of our portfolio.Their ability to have a uniform and clear brand identity across all our channels is because of paramount importance,as so that they look to leverage this heritage in the exciting development of our brand.The House of Fraser Business Incentives team is available to advise you on how to maximise the effectiveness of our vouchers. Well be happy to discuss your objectives, make recommendations and, if required, create an individually tailored package. Our experience in the field can help you develop promotional ideas and we can suggest ways of adding value for example, through use of the House of Fraser private Shopping service.OBJEC TIVE OF ADVERTISINGTo educate the MarketBuilding brand awarenessTo encourage seasonal purchasesTo increase consumption

Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General Wards

Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General WardsExperience of novice nurses warmth forbearings with non-invasive airing in popular wards.Non invasive ventilation (NIV) is used to provide respiratory pressure stand up to upper airway by using external masks without the insertion of endotracheal tube. It is mostly used for the early counseling of acute respiratory failure (ARF) (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009) and chronic hindering pulmonary diseases (COPD) ( Penuelas, Frutos-Vivar Esteban, 2007). NIV is considering less intensive than mechanical ventilation, so well-nigh clinicians manage these patients outside the intensive c ar unit (ICU), particularly in hospitals where ICU beds are unavailable (Farha et al., 2006, Hill, 2009). One audit report revealed that inappropriate use of NIV outside the ICU is associated with higher death rate (Sumner and Yadegafar, 2011). Its increasingly usage outside the ICU, lead less survived nurses to sustainment for these patients results in quality care compromised. Previous studies have identified the following factors that contribute towards treatment failure with NIV is lack of friendship and stick about the regulation of NIV (Kallet, 2009, Lopez et al., 2006, Lopez-Campos et al., 2006, Elliott et al., 2011), inappropriate guideline (Sinuff et al., 2007), patient-ventilator asynchrony, poor judgment about the appropriate mask selection, patient intolerance (Hess, 2011) and delay in patient care at ward level (Elliott et al., 2011).Safe bringing of NIV can be assured when the patient received care from experienced, educated and well trained supply (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009). Previous studies had explored the experiences of experienced nurses worked in ICU and identified that experienced nurses are using their practical association to select the appropriate mask to patient face. They are using their communication skills to gain control on patient breathing and using their clinical experiences to solve the problems and avoiding delays in adjusting the ventilation (Srensen et al., 2013) and providing reassurance to immobilized patients and protect them from errors (Acebedo-Urdiales et al., 2014). There is other hire that covers the perspectives of normal ward nurses about the NIV, is not generalizable study because it was conducted only in one hospital. However, selective information revealed that 67% nurses didnt get involved in the decision making process and were inadequately informed. raze they did not received adequate consultation from physicians and medical emergency team and mostly, all nurses in medical wards state that formulation was inadequate about the NIV (Cabrini et al., 2009). Most of the studies have viewed the experiences of competent nurses in ICU or general ward however no study has explored the experiences of novice nurses caring the patient with NIV in general ward.Therefore, the purpose of my study is to explore the experiences of novice nurses caring the patient wit h NIV in medical ward. The one of the grounds for selecting this topic is my own area of practice and my experience of being a novice nurse in medical ward in Pakistan. I remembered that when I was assigned with NIV patient, I really snarl truly anxious and worried. Because, I didnt have any idea about the BIPAP machine like how it is operated, what opinion I consider to do in patient condition to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Sometime, I felt hesitate to consult with physician about the patients condition, because of my lack of knowledge, skills and training about the NIV. Therefore, some time I had a fear of harming to patient. My colleagues also had shared the same experiences and feeling with me.For belles-lettres search, I have used these electronic databases CINAHL (15), PubMed (45), Embase (32) and Scopus (35). I have developed the keywords from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from each database. I have used these keywords for literature search work experienc e job experience experience experiential learning nursing knowledge nursing role nurse-patient relations job satisfaction, nursing practice overcritical care nursing education, nursing staff nurses nurse attitudes decision making nurse-physician relations evaluation new graduates nurse staff development, nursing care nurses novice nurses respiration, artificial noninvasive ventilation noninvasive ventilation non-invasive ventilation. Reference lists of relevant papers were also checked to identify other potentially relevant literature and take the assistance from nursing librarian. The inclusion criteria for each database were paper published in the English and between the periods of 1 January 2005 to 31 March 2015. I have also used the Boolean operators to limit my search results. The reason for such limitation is to get the relevant literature about my area of interest. Total keep down of paper which I get from each database is 127 documents. Once, I done with literature searc h, I started to read the reverse of each article and select the relevant and near relevant article to my explore purpose and remove those which I found irrelevant. Out of 127, 26 articles were selected, review critically and develop themes like factors for NIV failure, lack of knowledge and skills etc .The difficulty which I faced during literature search was I cannot be able to remove the duplication articles from each databases.As, no study has viewed the experience of novice nurses, therefore I would like to conduct the research build on this research question that what are the experiences of novice nurses, while caring the NIV patients in general wards? This study will explore the experiences of novice nurses and uncover the challenges which novice nurses are facing at intrapersonal, interpersonal or organizational level while caring the patient with NIV. Moreover, this study will highlight the need for staff training. Because, through proper training of staff, its eliminates those factors which contributed towards NIV failure in ARF patients and provides quality patient care. In these studies, novice nurse is defined as nurses who are new graduates or have limited experience in nursing care particularly with NIV patients (CINAHL). The reason for selecting the general wards setting is as my area of peculiarity in medical ward and most of the time, general wards staffs are less experienced and untrained relatively to ICU staff.ReferencesACEBEDO-URDIALES, M. S., MEDINA-NOYA, J. L. FERRE-GRAU, C. 2014. Practical knowledge of experienced nurses in critical care a qualitative study of their narratives. BMC Med Educ, 14, 173.CABRINI, L., MONTI, G., VILLA, M., PISCHEDDA, A., MASINI, L., DEDOLA, E., WHELAN, L., MARAZZI, M. COLOMBO, S. 2009. Non-invasive ventilation outside the Intensive superintend Unit for acute respiratory failure the perspective of the general ward nurses. Minerva Anestesiol, 75, 427-33.ELLIOTT, M., CROOKES, P., WORRALL-CARTER, L. PAGE , K. 2011. Readmission to intensive care a qualitative analysis of nurses perceptions and experiences. Heart Lung, 40, 299-309.FARHA, S., GHAMRA, Z. W., HOISINGTON, E. R., BUTLER, R. S. STOLLER, J. K. 2006. Use of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure public exposure on the Regular Hospital Ward Experience and Correlates of Success. Respiratory Care, 51, 1237-1243.HESS, D. R. 2011. Patient-ventilator interaction during noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care, 56, 153-65 discussion 165-7.HILL, N. S. 2009. Where should noninvasive ventilation be delivered? Respir Care, 54, 62-70.KALLET, R. H. 2009. Noninvasive ventilation in acute care controversies and emerging concepts. Respir Care, 54, 259-63.LOPEZ-CAMPOS, J. L., GARCIA POLO, C., LEON JIMENEZ, A., ARNEDILLO, A., GONZALEZ-MOYA, E. FENANDEZ BERNI, J. J. 2006. Staff training influence on non-invasive ventilation outcome for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 65, 145-51.LOPEZ, A. D., SHIBUYA, K., RAO, C., MATHERS, C . D., HANSELL, A. L., HELD, L. S., SCHMID, V. BUIST, S. 2006. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J, 27, 397-412.PENUELAS, O., FRUTOS-VIVAR, F. ESTEBAN, A. 2007. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. freighteradian Medical Association Journal,177 , 12111218.ROSE, L. GERDTZ, M. F. 2009. Review of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department clinical considerations and counselling priorities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 3216-3224.SINUFF, T., KAHNAMOUI, K., COOK, D. J. GIACOMINI, M. 2007. Practice guidelines as multipurpose tools a qualitative study of noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med, 35, 776-82.SRENSEN, D., FREDERIKSEN, K., GRFTE, T. LOMBORG, K. 2013. Practical wisdom A qualitative study of the care and management of non-invasive ventilation patients by experienced intensive care nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29, 174-181.SUMNER, K. YADEGAFAR, G. 2011. The ut ility and futility of non-invasive ventilation in non-designated areas Can critical care outreach nurses influence practice? Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 27, 211-217.