Conflict of Interest

CONFLICT OF INTEREST POLICY term I Purpose The purpose of the troth of affaire policy is to protect b all(prenominal) field Cut Loyalty Canine Rescue and Pit Bull Rehabilitation, Inc. s (herein memorial tablet) interest when it is contemplating entering into a proceeding or position that might benefit the private interest of an ships officer or theater reador of the Organization or might outgrowth in a executable surfeit benefit dealings. This policy is intended to supplement but not replace some(prenominal) applicable state and federal laws governing conflict of interest applicable to nonprofit and charitable organizations. Article II Definitions . implicated Person Any director, principal officer, or fellow ingredient of a committee with governing board delegated powers, who has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest, as defined below, is an interest grouped Person. 2. Financial Interest A psyche has a financial interest if the person has, right away or in at once, by dint of business, investment, or family a. An ownership or investment interest in every entity with which the Organization has a work or sight, b. A allowance arrangement with the Organization or with any(prenominal) entity or individual with which the Organization has a transaction or arrangement, or . A potential ownership or investment interest in, or compensation arrangement with, any entity or individual with which the Organization is negotiating a transaction or arrangement. Compensation embroils direct and indirect remuneration as well as gifts or favors that be not insubstantial. A financial interest is not necessarily a conflict of interest. Under Article III, Section 2, a person who has a financial interest may have a conflict of interest only if the tabular array of Directors decides that a conflict of interest exists. 3. add-in of Directors The directors, collectively, of the Organization. Article IIIProcedures 1. Duty to Disclose In association with any actual or possible conflict of interest, an Interested Person must disclose the conception of the financial interest and be hitn the opportunity to disclose all natural occurrences to the mature of Directors relating to the proposed transaction or arrangement. 2. Determining Whether a contradict of Interest Exists After disclosure of the financial interest and all material facts, and after any discussion with the interested person, he/she shall leave the circuit board of Directors meeting while the determination of a conflict of interest is discussed and votingd upon.The rest board members shall decide if a conflict of interest exists. 3. Procedures for Addressing the Conflict of Interest a. An interested person may make a presentation to the plank of Directors, but after the presentation, he/she shall leave the meeting during the discussion of, and the vote on, the transaction or arrangement involving the possible conflict of interest. b. The chairperson of the Board of Directors shall, if appropriate, appoint a disinterested person or committee to analyse alternatives to the proposed transaction or arrangement. c.After exercising due diligence, the Board of Directors shall determine whether the Organization can obtain with tenable efforts a more advantageous transaction or arrangement from a person or entity that would not give rise to a conflict of interest. d. If a more advantageous transaction or arrangement is not reasonably possible under hazard not producing a conflict of interest, the Board of Directors shall determine by a majority vote of the disinterested directors whether the transaction or arrangement is in the Organizations best interest, for its own benefit, and whether it is fair and reasonable.In accommodateity with the supra determination it shall make its decision as to whether to enter into the transaction or arrangement. 4. Violations of the Conflicts of Interest Policy a. If the Board of Directors has reasonable cause t o believe a member has failed to disclose actual or possible conflicts of interest, it shall inform the member of the basis for such belief and afford the member an opportunity to rationalise the alleged failure to disclose. . If, after hearing the members reaction and after making further investigation as warranted by the circumstances, the Board of Directors determines the member has failed to disclose an actual or possible conflict of interest, it shall collect appropriate disciplinary and corrective action. Article IV Records of Proceedings The proceeding of the Board of Directors meeting shall contain a.The names of the persons who disclosed or otherwise were found to have a financial interest in data link with an actual or possible conflict of interest, the nature of the financial interest, any action taken to determine whether a conflict of interest was present, and the Board of Directors decision as to whether a conflict of interest in fact existed. b. The names of the p ersons who were present for discussions and votes relating to the transaction or arrangement, the content of the discussion, including any alternatives to the proposed transaction or arrangement, and a record of any votes taken in connection with the proceedings.Article V Compensation a. A voting member of the Board of Directors who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the Organization for services is precluded from voting on matters pertaining to that members compensation. b. A voting member of any committee whose jurisdiction includes compensation matters and who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the Organization for services is precluded from voting on matters pertaining to that members compensation. c.No voting member of the Board of Directors whose jurisdiction includes compensation matters and who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the Organization, either individually or collectively, is prohibited from providing information t o any committee regarding compensation. Article VI Annual Statements Each director, principal officer and member of a committee with governing board delegated powers shall annually augury a statement which affirms such person a. Has received a sham of the conflicts of interest policy, . Has read and understands the policy, c. Has agreed to comply with the policy, and d. Understands the Organization is charitable and in order to maintain its federal tax exemption it must charter primarily in activities which accomplish one or more of its exempt purposes. Article VII Periodic Reviews To ensure the Organization operates in a manner consistent with charitable purposes and does not engage in activities that could pretend its tax-exempt status, periodic reviews shall be conducted.The periodic reviews shall, at a minimum, include the following subjects a. Whether compensation arrangements and benefits are reasonable, based on competent wad information, and the result of arms length b argaining. b. Whether partnerships, joint ventures, and arrangements with management organizations conform to the Organizations written policies, are properly recorded, reflect reasonable investment or payments for goods and services, further charitable purposes and do not result in inurement, impermissible private benefit or in an excess benefit transaction.

Accounts Receivable and Acquisitions Journal

scatter E Acquisitions Substantive Tests of Transactions TRANSACTION-RELATED AUDIT OBJECTIVES SUBSTANTIVE AUDIT PROCEDURES accompaniment * oppose prices on trafficker invoices with approved price limits established by management. * Review the acquisitions diary, general ledger, and accounts payable cover send for large or unusual amounts. Completeness * draw off a sample of receiving reports to the acquisitions journal. * Trace from a file away of vendors invoices to the acquisitions journal. Trace from additions in perpetual inventory records to recorded acquisitions. Accuracy * Compare amounts for entries in acquisitions journal to associate vendors invoices, purchase orders and receiving reports. * Recompute information on vendor invoices. * Compare prices on vendor invoices with approved price limits established by management. Posting and summarisation * Trace individual entries in accounts payable master file to acquisitions journal. Classification * Examine ve ndors invoices for straitlaced classification. Compare classification with graph of accounts by reference to vendors invoices. measure * Compare dates of receiving reports and vendors invoices with dates in the acquisitions journal. Part F. exchange Disbursements Substantive Tests of Transactions TRANSACTION-RELATED AUDIT OBJECTIVES SUBSTANTIVE AUDIT PROCEDURES Occurrence * Trace scrub check numbers in the silver disbursements journal to cerebrate sour checks and examine for payee, name, and amount. Examine cancelled check for authorized signature, proper endorsement, and cancellation by the bank. * Review the cash disbursements journal, general ledger, and accounts payable master file for large or unusual amounts. * Trace cancelled check to the related acquisitions journal entry and examine for payee name and amount. Completeness * Trace entries in acquisitions journal to subsequent payment in cash disbursements journal. Accuracy * Compare cancelled checks with the relate d acquisitions journal and cash disbursements journal entries. * Recompute cash discounts. Posting and Summarization * Trace individual entries in accounts payable master file to cash disbursements journal. Classification * Compare classification with chart of accounts by reference to vendors invoices and acquisitions journal. Timing * Compare dates on cancelled checks with cash disbursements journal. * Compare dates on cancelled checks with the bank cancellation date.

Cost Accounting 14th Edition Problem 15-35

COST ACCOUNTING P 15-35 Required 1. Using selling prices, allocate the $1,000 gateway-package revenue to the three discrepancys use a. The stand-alone revenue-allocation method Selling damage Rev. Allocation Precio por cuarto para do personas 2 noches $800 $581. 82 Dos rounds de golf con precio de 375 272. 73 Una cena para dos cc 145. 45 $1,375 $1,000 b. The incremental revenue-allocation method Selling Price Rev. Allocation Dos rounds de golf con precio de $375 $375 Precio por cuarto para dos personas 2 noches 800 625 Una cena para dos 200 0 $1,375 $1,000 2. What are the pros and cons of the two methods in requirement 1? Pros sobre el stand alone 1. Cada elemento en el bundle recibe una porcion del ingreso. 2. Es un metodo simple para implementar. Contras sobre el stand-alone 1. Este metodo puede ignorar la importancia que le da el cliente a cada elemento del bundle. Por ejemplo, algunos clientes pueden estar interesados en el golf y no en la cena y viceversa. Pros sobre e l metodo incremental 1. Una vez se determina que secuencia utilizar para asignar, la implementacion es automatica.Contras sobre el metodo incremental 1. Algunos productos no van a recibir asignacion de ingresos. Aun cuando se incurran los costos, no recibe asignacion de ingresos. 3. Because the recreation division is able to book the golf course at 100% capacity, the political party CEO has decided to revise the Gateway package to only accommodate the lodging and food offerings shown previously. The new package will sell for $900. portion the revenue to the lodging and food divisions using the following 1. The voluptuous order method.Incremental-Revenue Allocation Method Weighted Shapely cherish original output 1st Unit SP Allocation W lodge forage caparison $800 $800 1 $800 Food 200 100 1 $100 $1,000 $900 Primary Product 1st Unit SP Allocation Food $200 $200 1 200 Lodging 800 700 1 700 $1,000 $900 $750 $150 2. The weighted Shapely value method, assuming that lodging is three times as believably to sell as the food.Incremental-Revenue Allocation Method Weighted Shapely Value Primary Product 1st (1) Unit SP Allocation W Lodging Food Lodging $800 $800 3 $2,400 Food 200 100 3 $300 $1,000 $900 Primary Product 1st (2) Unit SP Allocation Food $200 $200 1 200 Lodging 800 700 1 700 $1,000 $900 $775 $cxxv (1) Lo mas probable sucedera 3 de 4 veces. (2) Lo mas probable sucedera 1 de 4 veces.

Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

Introduction satellite of Life Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Discovery Channel. A must see documentary regarding the Theory of development. Originally produced for Discovery Channel, each successiveness covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the evolution with the apply of com pitcher animation. The film talks about how apes like Lucy, who is known to be a three million class old ape that walked straightforward or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who last the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first wooden leg in evolution is walking straightforward or with two legs notwithstanding like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to speak or function divergent kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be fitting to speak. epitomeOne hundred million years ago, dinosau rs walked the earth. They no longer comprise today because of the asteroids that hit their home and eventually killed all of them. The earth, after musical compositiony judgment of conviction, regained its life forces because some small marionettes that got through the great tragedy thatput an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earths oldest order Primates that may have evolved throughout the agesA late era of animals move to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and discover new things in its surroundings more move on than early(a)s. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a make called Origin of Species. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because closely men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didnt believe him until a t eam of French-American researchers in the year 1974 prime evidences of early apes.But by that time I deliberate Darwins unlikely friends and haters wont be able to theorise it in front of him. The people who found Darwins inspirational evidence called it Lucy. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists grade Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo.After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now.GeneralizationEvolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It made us realize and take how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affe cted all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve.ReflectionPersonally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. on that point is no contest to what the Bible says about usbeing form in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the situations or the things he has observed based on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras.Other important human characteristics such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for wrangle added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains in clude bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and maintain naturally.Thinking About YouA tornado flew around my room in front you cameExcuse the mess it made, usually doesnt rainIn Confederate California, much like ArizonaMy eyes dont take tears, they pourWhen Im thinkin bout you(Ooh no, no, no)Ive been thinkin bout you(You know, know, know)Ive been thinkin bout youDo you think about me still?Or do you not think so far out front? arrive at I been thinkin bout forever (Ooh no, no)Or do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout foreverNo, I dont like you, I just thought you were calm pop outEnough to kick itGot a beach house I could portion out you in IdahoYou dont think I love you, I just thought you were cuteThats why I kissed youGot a fighter jet, I dont fly it thoughLyin down thinkin bout you(Ooh no, no, no)Ive been thinkin bout you(You know, know, know)Ive been thinkin bout youDo you think about me still?Or d o you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout forever (Oooh)Or do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout foreverAnd I remember, how could I forgetHow you obtainAnd though you were my first timeA new feelAnd it wont ever get old,not in my soul,Not in my spirit, hold on it aliveWell go down this roadTil it turns from color to black and fairOr do you not think so far ahead?Cause I been thinkin bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

Descartes’ Religious Journey to find God Essay

In the book guesss on First Philosophy, Rene Descartes states many theories and makes many points on a numerous meat of things. In Meditation One Concerning Those Things That Can Be C all tolded Into Doubt, I struggled with what Descartes was actually saying in terms of divinity fudge, did he call up in His human beings or didnt he? However, by Meditation tether Concerning paragon, That He Exists, I realized where Descartes stood religiously. I agree with Descartes when he doubts the creation of immortal in the first two meditations because by the third he has found his assimilate got way and proof that divinity fudge does exist and to recollect in Him.Descartes has many things that he realizes to be actorable to doubt. Throughout Descartes bearing he has had a long standing opinion that thither is a God who is able to do anything who has actually created Descartes himself. He has believed in Gods existence and Gods creations his whole breeding. However, in Meditati on I he is trying to clear his mind of what he believes in, and consider others beliefs that contradict his. He finds himself questioning, How do I k straight he did not bring it about that there is no Earth at all? No Heavens? (page 463 Kindle). He acknowledges that he judges others sometimes for their mis addresss when they tincture they concur all the knowledge. Descartes views this is a deception on Gods part. Descartes argues that since God is said to be supremely good, why would he cuckold us? Since God did not create me to be deceived all of the time, why would he allow me to be deceived on any occasion? An production line Descartes makes on the doubt that God exists, is that some people view God as whole good and that if He really did exist, no ugliness things would ever happen.Descartes tries not to oppose the opinions of others in this first meditation. He wants to depend that he came to be what he was by fate, chance, or a machine-accessible chain of events, or so me other way besides God creating him. Since being deceived or even making a mis mob is seen as an imperfection, he says that the less(prenominal) powerful they see the noble of who we exist, the much likely it will be that we ar so imperfect that we atomic number 18 ceaselessly deceived. Descartes argues that it is not enough to make these observations and that we must take steps in our lives to remind ourselves of what we believe in and keep them in our memories. We need to take them exactly as what they argon, although sometimes we may doubt them, so that it is more consonant to believe them rather than to deny them. This takes Descartes into his first meditation he forces himself to believe that his creator is not a supremely good God, the witness of truth, alone rather an shabbiness admirer who is powerful, intelligent, and clever. He looks at this unworthy genius as though he has spent Descartes entire life in an attempt to deceive him.He knocks out his seemingly i ntelligible beliefs of heaven, air, earth, colors, shapes, sounds, and all other external things as nothing but hoaxes of his dreams, things that are not real and that do not exist. All of these things he now doubts. He sees himself now as having no hands, eyes, flesh, blood, any senses they are in force(p) false beliefs that he possesses these things. Even though it is no longer in his power that he knows anything true, it is within his power to take care decisively, to refuse his assent to what is false, although more powerful, however clever and smart this evil genius may be, to induct any effect on him. Descartes decides to put asunder all of his doubts, as though he has discovered all of his doubts to be false, and decides to stay on this course until he knows something for veritable, or in circumstance that he discovers for certain that nothing is certain.In Meditation III Concerning God, That He Exists, Descartes closes his eyes, stops his ears, turns away his senses fr om their objects and begins endeavoring a more intimate knowledge of his self. He clarifies that he is a thinking thing, that he doubts, affirms, denies, knows few objects, and is also unwitting of many things. He recognizes that he is able to love, hate, and perceive. Descartes says that he cannot be certain of anything without knowing if God exists and if he can deceive.The idea of God is that he is infinite, independent, all powerful and all knowing, the creator of absolutely everything on this Earth, the creator of the earth, the universe, everything. All of these things are so great that the more carefully Descartes looks studies and considers them, the less persuaded he feels that the idea of them owes its origin to his self alone. This makes him come to his conclusion that God absolutely exists. Descartes feels he had to come from God, because if he came from his self, and so he would have no doubts or desires or even thoughts of deception. There is no reason that he should continue to exist every day, or even minute, unless there is a higher power, a stronger force, that preserves him, which would be God.There are many reasons for me, which are different than Descartes reasons that God does in fact exist. Although accomplishment has made many breakthroughs trying to doubt God and His existence and all that He has made, they have not inescapably been able to prove he does not exist. The whole entire belief of God relies solely on faith. To have faith is to believe in something that you may not necessarily be able to see. To doubt the existence of God at all, goes against everything that He stands for (even though we all may have doubt in His existence at some point in our lives). Explaining that God exists is nearly impossible, it is something we are taught to believe at a young age (depending on how you were brocaded of course), without really being explained why or how.Everyone on this earth has their have personal experiences or beliefs about Go d, and those who believe in God have found Him in their own unique ways. Sometimes to truly believe in something, we have to doubt it at first and take a journey to find our own personal reasons to believe in it, comely as Descartes did. Descartes struggled with an explanation of deceit and mistakes. He did not understand why God would allow those things to happen when he is supposed to represent and honesty and good in the world. An explanation that he did not get up to is the devil. The bible explains to us that God is good and the Devil is bad. From personal experiences, I used to struggle with why God would allow such solemn things to happen, why did he let my friends die in car crashes, why does death even exist at all?However, later in life, I discovered that the bad does not necessarily come from God, but it comes from the devil. We are to do our best to avoid hateful acts and to overcome evil, which are works of the devil. God is our creator and our reason for being, but we also have a responsibility and choice of life. He has created a world for us that we have taken advantage of and that has managed to unfortunately gain many evil acts and people. We are supposed to live by the bible, if we do not then Gods plan and course is taken astray.Although He at last controls everything, He also allows us to make our own decisions, choose our own paths, learn from our mistakes, and suffer the consequences of those mistakes. It is in our control to determine where we want to go in our lives and where we want to end up in our afterlife. After all, for those of us who believe in God, our being here on earth is only to prepare us for our after life, which hopefully will someday take us to Heaven.

Crash Paper

Crash displayed various aspects of racism and stereotypes that occur everyday. unity of the three major scenes in the movie that stood turn out was when the two ships ships officers aspirate over a black couple. Obviously theyve d ace nonhing on the whole harmful, reckless or dangerous. The leading officer claims the wife was performing falatio, opus operate a vehicle, which could be a form of reckless driving and can be penalized for it. In fear of sanction, and in all respect, the economise complies as polite as feasible to the officers de human raceds. While doing so, the officer is responding in the rudest manor.He asks the officer if its okay to reach in the glove department for his paperwork and the officer replies with a very suspicious yeah nice and slow. nowadays on the other hand, the other officer takes no part in what goes on next because he knows whats right and unlawful, hes deemed the good cop. The leading officer comes back to test him if hes drunk and d riving and he wasnt. Complying with the officer at one time again, he did it. His wife, a little drunk, tries to explain in a debauched manor that theyve done nonhing wrong and what hes doing is wrong.Feeling an undermining to his authority, he stirs angry and as she gets out of the car to confront him he tells the couple to turn near and place their hands behind their heads. As he pats down his wife, he grabs her inappropriately and asks what should be done since what theyve done can technically be seen as a crime. Coming back to complying to an authoritarian figure out of fear and recognition of authority, her husband had one of two choices he all couldve spoken up, done something virtually it and got arrested or kept quiet, let him do what he knew was wrong and be let off with simply a warning.Thinking that he would not win over an authority figure like the cops word, he didnt say anything and let it happen. This situation brings up The Authoritarian character from one of the theories of prejudice in which the man complied to everything the officer asked for by just cosmos or even just looking to be an authority figure. Also, the officer shows that intolerance and aggression as one would to those who dont conform as well, as you would see in The Authoritarian Personality. Theres an automatic fear that comes to flock when they think of the police.Its the fact that theyre given that title of an officer of the law that leaves you unbiased to think anything he does is ok and even though you know its wrong sometimes, you dont have the courage to say it cause youre not supposed to. Its not the norm of society. The second scene is where two black men bye out of the restaurant and the first one is the one that loads everything bad possible on his misfortune of being black. He continues on to complain about how since hes black he had to wait a lot longer than the albumin people that were there being served.As he complained about what he didnt get bec ause he was black, his friend reminds him that he didnt even want what he was quetch for and its not cause theyre both black. As his friend starts to make his case, he also reminds him that the waitress was indeed black and they werent racially prejudice. But he goes ahead anyways to continue blaming his skin color and that the waitress presumed that since they were dressed a certain way and talked a certain way they werent going to tip, so she waited a little longer to serve them.These are all examples of thwarting and Scapegoating from one of the theories of prejudice. It shows his need to blame white people for his personal shortcomings and misfortunes, such as waiting a long time to be served and being looked at as a threatening figure in society. Although, he wasnt going to tip anyways and he and his friend are car-jackers. Its crazy and juiceless how hed think that. And if there was such a stereotype, then why not beat it.To make it worse, he lived up to those same stereot ypes and continued to blame other things. In the last scene, a nitty-gritty eastern family man has a business which is his only source of income. From past experience and golosh reasons he tells his, more educated and literate, American daughter to buy a gun for the stores protection and his own. He orders a goose to come in and change the locks as well, but the problem happens to be the door and not the locks. He hires a technician to change the locks and he happens to be Hispanic.The Hispanic technician is a father of a five year old girl that move out of his old neighborhood for her safety and a better upbringing. A couple days after, the two get into a fight, in which the middle eastern store owner screams at him for not changing the locks lag the door is the one that needs a replacement, as the technician tries to explain. As the air sprouts, the technician just wants his money and wants to leave but the owner doesnt pay him and in anger he leaves.The next day the store g ets torn apart, robbed and vandalized in all kinds of ways and now the store owner is left with nothing and his life is ruined. In anger and to gain vengeance, he takes the gun and presently assumes it was the lock technician that left in anger from the other day. As one of the theories of prejudice, selective perception, is portrayed here when he automatically assumes it was the Hispanic guy that talks a certain way and has visible eye-catching tattoos.Coming to an immediate conclusion that it was him, he goes to his house and asks for his money for the store and fires the blank gage exactly when his daughter came in between. Both were left in shock, to only find out that it was a blank bullet. He had no severalize that it was him but just because he was Hispanic and looked like he would do something like that, he came to a conclusion that it was him. Ironically, the guy was the nicest man and an unlikely father and proved his selective perception wrong. Assuming is a answer to a kind of prejudice as well and this scene was a great example.

Language and Logic: Behind the Last Word

There has been a lot of misconception whether the true record of the nomenclature hides bottom of the inning the context of every letter it has. But since the o signal flagionated arrangement of the letters give the essence to what it go away mean, the notion of having a naturalistic view wherein we atomic number 18 cross outtled to believe that everything exists as they are is not a god point in defining the well-disposed phenomenon that later make it useful.As defined by the writer, those who successfully undergone the challenges that was mess by the fast changing environment wherein the substance of the spoken books and the unheard story of the phraseology emerged as the primary tool of examining the distinct condition of reliable issue in the society. As we are certified of what is happening around us, it is equally important to visualize the signifi faecal matterce of victorious most actions in accordance to what we see as fit and right. pitiable on from the trad ition of generations, the sensitiveness of having these things behind the government agency of language had colonised the misconceptions of breaking the odds that was produced by the conflicting ideas of the members of the community. Because of these, the struggle to fight the increase prejudice and the social problem arises from the bottom line of the issue. Since then, the power to let on certain criteria and use of the language as a tool of communicating with others had been undermined by some techno luculent advancement which does not promote all metaphysical perceptiveness.It is important that we use the development of our language in maturation our relation to the cosmic existence. With the use of the language as a goodish tool, we digest not simply use this as a communicating skill but the ultimate tool in discovering the facts behind the fallacies and the accuracys behind the fake notion. At any case, those who obtained the pure understanding of how the language kit and caboodle will be able to understand how different language perceive stimuli from sources and attached meaning to it as it try to develop the utmost understanding of the issue.It also provides the venue for rationalization of everything that has been incorporated with much(prenominal) idea in developing behind the context of the situation. Since it has been needed to aspire the success and the consecutive growth of a certain language for the achievement of the goals being set by the majority of the society where in effect, the introduction of the new schema of communication will lead to a better development of communicative skills.Since what matters most in our cursory communication with other raft is the meaning attached to every letters and words that came from our mouth, the internal realization of the thoughts that had been do is the primary important point in determining the validity of a statement.Although we do not hire an aimive basis in pin pointing the d eviation of the truth from the lie, but the greater discovery behind that is that, whenever there are sudden outburst of emotion, it is a sudden manifestation of the inward desire where the language capability of the human had been surpassed and the language he or she k nows does not offer a venue or even a meaning for the said emotion.In setting this development, we had conquered the primary barrier where people had been fighting for recognition of certain important points but failed to adhere to the elemental rule of language sensitivity where all the words that we used has some implications on the social status that we have been gone through. But in the end, the language itself is a complete tool of undermining the meaning imposed by the society itself in conquering the true nature of the real world, where the language has a great effect and no one bothered to listen when you know that there have been more things to be said than to be left unspoken.Provided that all the premi ses had been satisfied, arrangedly speaking, it can give news reports to legion(predicate) uncertainties in life. By continuously analyzing the causality and the effects of certain situation, logically, we can arrive to a better account statement of the phenomenon that weve been going through. Many believed that such idea had falsely equated the truth to the absolute truth and to the ways of determination the truth.The well supported proposition of having a logical manifestation of our daily encounters in life had been sufficiently proven by the facts and the literal explanation he mentioned. He showed that in able to define ones position in the place where he assumed any position, it will only be put into a realization where the complete arguments and the type of all the abstract concepts will be materialized. In this sense, all that we can give reasons and prove by any mathematical or logical explanation can be regarded as the truth and branded as the last word.The search fo r this had tried to invade the human civilization as it occurred in different places across time. But the quick impact and the archives left by this notion had made us developed the intellect of having a more concise and logical views in the society as it shows the true side of the society.Since then, the analysis of the context based on its logical composition will not only yield us in discovering the truth but also finding the way to the truth. For searching the take definition of the experience he or she encountered, an individual can now freely assess his r her environment as it gives impact to his or her behaviors. In doing so, the subjective part of the human development will cooperate the objective part, which is the logical and other first order knowledge, in discovering the truth behind the life scenic view of every days interaction with each other.By looking into the capacity of humans to rewrite and understand the meaning attached to every symbols he or she is eyesi ght in the society, by extracting the logical element of it and transforming into some useful randomness that can be used as the front runner of having a established notion for the people to freely assess the developmental flip that might occur in the group of people as well.In this case, the logic of dealing and having a more precise view whether it is something that call for the intervention of the cosmic side of the world or stay at least in the radical minds of the people is still important in looking forward into the impact it has in the society and the questions it forged. From the time being of realization and finding the truth behind all the questions and through scientific investigations, we can narrow down our limitations and make us more aware of the external environment that weve been going through.In effect, the perspective of the world as a two-dimensional stage will be transformed into an object presented in umteen dimensions, each dimensions represents a part of it which may be small, but highly essential for it to exist. As we try to rediscover the cognise knowledge given to us by the generation that came before us, the power of discovering something and merging it as our own is the power that we can have as we go through with the challenges of life.This book by Thomas Nagel had opened many philosophical queries and questions that until now, looks like unfamiliar to most of the people. Many still does not understand the different concepts of looking into the elements of life as Nagel tries to point out. Although we have many cultural background, we are bounded by the universality of the response we could made in order to secure the relationship not only with our close group but with the environment we have in our system.Thus, language and logic is the two important tools in dealing with the search for the explanation of the existence and finding the truth hidden behind the context of certain social phenomena. As it is equally important o f finding yourselves in the change society, this elemental component should be integrated for you to function better.

Native Americans in the United States Essay

Today, race is seen less as culture and account statement and more as your intelligence, wealth, morals, and how you should act. Unfortunately, racism, stereotypes, and prejudice have been some so immense its become some what subconscious of us to pair actions and personalities with a spit out color. In Princess Oreo Speaks Out by Dwan Carter, deal around her are shocked by how she acts and even go as utmost as calling her white or non black enough. Carter states, It seems that, for a lot of people around me, being black is an attitude. In confederation today, people, oddly young teens, are pressured to act a certain manner based on how they look to feel accepted and normal. A constitution that may be perfectly fine if you were one race is put up weird and strange in another. In reality, though, race is only skin deep and the color of your skin can not affect how you charter to act. Indian mascot controversies have been going on for years and years. Teams with mascots and names legion(predicate) consider offensive towards Indians exist from high school teams all the guidance up to professional leagues.Some examples include the Illini Chiefs, Washington Redskins, and Cleveland Indians. Redskins team possessor Dan Snyder says, After 81 years, the team name Redskins continues to hold the memories and meaning of where we came from, who we are, and who we expect to be in the years to come. Even though the name has traditions, it even has a negative impact and should be retired. The term Redskins is defined in dictionaries as an offensive racial slur. You shouldnt be using a racial slur to sell a sports team to America and especially not for entertainment.The word is degrading and in a way dehumanizing because of the resourcefulness that goes along with it. The name that claims to be honorable in fact very leads to negative stereotypes of Native Americans. In arenas across the nation you will fancy war chants, face paint, animal feathers, and savage like behavior in the stands. Theses images suggest that Native Americans act like they did 150 years ago. We are ignoring who Native people are today and we are treating them as objects of the recent rather than people proficient like us.Racial integration in schools is very important for kids to be exposed to diametrical races. In wherefore Are American Schools Still Segregated, studies are wake that schools seem to be falling back towards their segregated pasts. Racial integration in schools is not only important because of unfair educational opportunities and outcomes, only I hope it is also important for kids to be exposed to different races. The studies are showing that the minority races are slowly becoming the majority and that White commonwealth is getting smaller.This is even more reason for students to need to learn how to interact in a diverse environment. There are also advantages of having students resolve with others who are not of the same background. We live in a terra firma founded on the principle of equality of all people regardless of race, but we still struggle to meet that ideal. Some people turn over we should be colorblind to peoples race, but on the other hand other people think you should pay attention to race because people of different races have encountered different things that need to be taken into account.Kids in highschool who are just starting to figure out who they are have lots of pressures to be someone that they might not necessarily be just because of how they run into to look. I think its important to know someone as an individual rather than a person of a specific race. Its also important to recognize racism in life wherever you may encounter it like on tv, in books, and even things people say and then even start challenging it.

Strategic Planning Illy Espressamente

On the other hand, java bean close in Vietnam is established and blind drunk since colonial time. Globalization and economic growth bring some 2 main growing separates that Supersaturates should cig bet Globalizes (well- better, CARS-focus, glob entirelyy influenced) and Brand Chasers ( fallal, status-seeking). There are several deferent options for expansion but after careful considerateness and analysis we come to the conclusion that Supersaturates should reintroduce Itself In Vietnam. In ordinance to capture these atoms, we propose oblation inspirational grade and theatrical cognitive process as raw elements of a Blue Ocean.Additionally, we too come up with strategies for two other potential grocerys, Germany and India. The system is to make Supersaturates Vietnam a wholly-owned foot soldier and establish 11 outlets in Ho Chi Mini, Vietnam in the succeeding(prenominal) 6 years, offering prime(prenominal) Italian umber gain by providing high quality and ethi cally to a great extent(p) cocoa with fastidious Italian ambiance to two targeted fragments Globalizes (experts and Vietnamese who care about the environment and arts) and Brands Chasers ( quite a little who value master grasss), by dint of 5 Italian city-theme designed outlets (Aroma, Venetian, Annapolis,Florence and Milan) with exhibition of topical anesthetic art scarpers, high-end cafe bars located in shopping malls and art galleries, associated with indubitable theatrical performance by the baristas and pessaryping collaborating with short temper Dhal claptrap Dong. The implementation picture In the coterminous 6 years for this strategy (research, operation plan and fetching care of relevant necessary documents) suggests discernment of the securities industry in 201 5 by entering the market as a wholly-owned subsidiary.In 6 years, the total expense cost is estimated to be employ 1235,000 for preparation, opening brand-new outlets, communication plan and op eration plan. This implementation plan leave ensure the success of the proposed strategy. Table of Contents 1. 0 creative activity Lily Supersaturates is a franchise chain by Lily, stretching over 34 countries and purely of coffee-based drinks made from the finest Arabica beans processed with Lily machineries and technique. It has been a stunning success in its home market, Italy and others such as France and Germany, generating millions of revenues.Lily aims to maintain its drawing cardship in the market for authentic Italian cafes by building relationships with suppliers, change magnitude the number of outlets and differentiating itself from its competitors in endpoint of quality and coffee-drinking finger. However, the launch in Vietnam has been a fiasco as 3 out of the 5 stores in the republic have been closed after 4 years of operation. They now governance the decision whether to pull out of the country and move to one of the countries in the case or reintroduce itself i n the Vietnamese coffee market with a different strategic approach. . 0 Goals and Objectives Business Goals Expand the tell on name to global market as the authentic Italian master coffee service and pension service for expatriation customers. Business Objectives Achieving $1 50,000 revenue per outlet. In the existing markets, increase the total number of outlets by 5% as well as reinforce the operation of the overt one to achieve 20% increase in profitability in the next 5 years. To stand out from competitors by Italian coffee service experience (e. G.Italian-themed superior outlets, Italian coffee demeanors, bringing delicate value to the service experience). Marketing Goals To be sustainable in the stream market and become top-of-mind brand when consumers search for superior Italian transit coffee. Marketing Objectives Increase the availability of Lily Supersaturates by opening at least 8 stores in each country. Offering superior and esthetical Italian service environment to attract 40% much customers, generating 20% more profit in the next 5 years. 3. Problem Identification From the ACS analysis, Lily Supersaturates is before long facing 2 main problems lack of customer-oriented offer and lack of characterization in the Vietnamese coffee market. Firstly, the product and service offer is improper as it is perceived to be over belld and too conservative in making Italian authentic coffee by the Vietnamese customers ho prefers their traditional black and milky coffee made from Robusta beans. Secondly, Lily Separatenesss image could non be seen anywhere except from their outlets.Both of these problems demonstrate the lack of customer perspicacity and market struggle coming from Supersaturates collaborator Lien Thai stack away Dong Pity. Ltd. This master franchisee has shown inefficiency in investigating the customers wants and needs and what Supersaturates offers. Besides, the company is incapable in managing coffee chained shops as well as cartroad effective marketing campaigns (Appendix E for more details). . 0 seat abbreviation existing chained coffee brands but also new entrants, principally repayable to paltry market barriers and high concentration.Moreover, the Vietnamese customers are non long-familiar with the taste of Arabica coffee beans. High brats of substitutes (fruit Juice/ smoothie bars) and low coffee pulmonary tuberculosis per capita combined with high price have a negative tint on Lily Supersaturates. However, acting in the companys favor is its Italian brand name that is well perceived by the Vietnamese consumers. apart(predicate) from this, there are atoms that pursue higher hearty statues via branded reduces.In addition, the impacts of globalisation as well as the development of sophisticated taste in coffee bring signifi elicitt opportunities for Lily Supersaturates to come in the market. With these come increased concerns for moral philosophy and sustainability coming from the gr owing segment of globally influenced the great unwashed. Lily Supersaturates weaknesses lie in reason customer insight leading to key problems and the lack of integrated marketing communication strategies to promote the brand in such high punishing market like Vietnam.However, having one the est. quality coffee in the world, enabled by strong relationships established by conducting ethical works with suppliers, the brand shut up has the capabilities to overcome those difficulties and expand their market share. (Refer to Appendix for details) Direct competitors Highland soundbox Nagyn Cataracts Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf Gloria Jeans Angel-in-us Indirect competitors Medium-large Independents course vendors Strengths (S) High quality coffee beans unvoiced jibe over the achievement chain Expertise in processing Italian coffee Strong relationship with suppliers Foreign brand name preferred by VietnameseLily has conducted somatic Social Responsibility via its lend chain by remuner ating the farmers higher salary for higher quality Weaknesses (W) deficiency of expertise in processing Vietnamese coffee as in growing, harvesting, roasting and filtering Unnecessary cost due to inefficient logistics Small outlet capacity Lack of market ikon Lack of sales agreements promotion Large debt Transit model does non fit with Vietnamese culture Opportunities (O) Admiration for Italian brands Growing segment of status-conscious hoi polloi, who like to be seen in a branded environment.Growing segment of ethics-conscious people who are educated abroad Vietnamese has adopted to a coffee-drinking culture ever since Customers have been developing a sophisticated taste in coffee Vietnam is the 2nd largest coffee producer and Arabica toil is growing (5% to 8%) SO Strategies Maintain high quality coffee served to match with the change magnitude sophisticated taste of Vietnamese people.Penetrate the market by being the leader in high quality product Utilize the strength of contrasted brand name in communication Target the growing segment of ethics-conscious and internationally educated people by stating the companys CARS (care for farmers) WOO Strategies Sourcing part of the production chain to Vietnam To penetrate on growing segments to increase in sale to make up in debts by having high-end outlets.Threats (T) Fierce competition among chained coffee shops High threat of new entrants High threat of substitutes Low supply of Arabica in Vietnam Low consumption of coffee, compared to global denture Novelty seeking Vietnamese people are not familiar with Arabica coffee beans SST Strategies Penetrate the market by focusing on insurance premium quality, rather than competing on price Focus on relationships with Vietnamese Arabica growers to merge local apply WET Strategies Avoid in going into a price-war with other competitors to increase sales by keeping premium price for premium quality Avoid introducing Robusta coffee beans but bring new taste in th e market Differ to other competitors in term of having small capacity yet high-end outlets 5. Strategic Solutions and Situation Scenarios Strategy 1 To achieve $500,000 revenue per store by 2018 by offering a holistic package of high-quality and ethically-grown Italian coffee as well as an aesthetically and intellectually stimulating coffee experience to a segment of well-educated and episcopate Germans in transit, who are concerned for CARS and appreciative of modern arts, through outlets adorned with arts, glassware and merchandises showing Separatenesss efforts in improving the environment and the growers reinforcement condition. explanation Cups and dishes leave have artworks from modern artists and a piece of information on how sustainable the product is made or how Lily contributes to help the farmers in its supply chain printed on them. However, everything will be kept minimal and sleek, adhering to the reliable theme. They might be modified in the preparation period as el l as in the middle and end of the 5-year plan to be updated. ware sales, either on separate notice or on the design, will state clearly that part of the profit will go to people in need, R helping lessen the products carbon footprint and impact on the environment. Potentials Higher sales, not only from food and drinks but also from merchandises Reinforce the image of Supersaturates in customers mind Higher profit border since Germany is close to Italy (approve. 500 kilometers amongst Rome and Berlin) The extreme costs of acquiring artworks and fancy decoration The messages come out as pretentious Situation Scenarios Strategy 2 To establish 5 outlets in India in the next 5 years, offering a high quality Italian coffee and prestigious experience to a segment who seeks for a higher social status and novelty of the population, through luxury-designed outlets on Rajah Street, New Delhi, India. Description Prestigious experience Customers visiting Lily Supersaturates will experience t he luxury service environment designed base on Italian interior style as well as well- trained waiters serving at the table.The superior coffee service given can place significant seal on the customers and spread the brand value proposition as he authentic Italian cafe. Higher social status and novelty seeking segment Since India has very high power distance (Hefted 2013), it is indicated that people want to con cockeyed their status and be recognized using premium product/ service brand. Figure Hefted value of India (Hefted 2013) Rajah Street, New Delhi, India this passageway is considered to be The Royal Street of India in which many luxurious retailers and cordial reception ventures located. By setting Lily Supersaturates outlet in this area, the level of exposure to target customers is higher.Potentials Risks Huge market of growing middle class First moving company advantage as the market has low level of competition Lack of acceptance from a tea-drinking population Banking system and bureaucracy whitethorn bar argument Strategy 3 To become wholly-owned subsidiary and establish 11 outlets in Ho Chi Mini, Vietnam in the next 5 years, offering superior Italian coffee service by providing segments Globalizes (expatriates) and Brands Chasers (people who value superior the baristas and stopping collaborating with Lien Thai Bin Dong. Description Stop collaborating Lien Thai Bin Dong does not do well in term of marketing for its partners (Appendix E).Hence, Lily should end the collaboration and take full control over the new outlets operation and communication. Vietnam government will allow contrary wholly owned subsidiary from January 201 5 (distinguishing 2013) hence, Lily Supersaturates has one year for taking care of legal documents and business preparation. Globalizes we chose this segment be give birth they are well educated as well as leaning toward healthier, more ethical and esthetical lifestyle. Hence, they will appreciate the value proposition s of Lily Supersaturates, which is high quality and ethically grown coffee alongside with the artistic ambiance. Moreover, this segment also wants self-identity hence, fitting with Lily Supersaturates offers.Brand chasers this segment prefers to be seen using superior brand name product/service. Therefore, it is commensurate for Lily Supersaturates target this segment. By establishing 5 Italian city-themed outlets, 1 high-end bar in shopping mall and 5 high-end bars in the art galleries with mentioned tactics, Lily Supersaturates can get closer to the targeted customers and transfer the image of superior Italian experience to them. Potentials Lily Supersaturates can be more active in marketing campaign and have more control ever the business by stop collaborating with Lien Thai Bin Dong Co. The preparation time increases Lily Separatenesss likeliness to success.More in-depth research for the market can be made in this period. The artistic and ethical value will attract globalizes and superior value will attract the Brand Chasers. By providing the Italian city themed outlets, Lily Supersaturates can stress on the Italian experience provided to its customers. The high-end bars located in galleries control less financial investment. However, the customers the galleries bring to Lily Supersaturates. Lily Supersaturates will have more work to do in terms of market researching to understand the local consumption behavior and handling with Vietnam regulations. The 5 Italian city themed outlets required heavy financial investment. 6. Recommended Strategy and Justification In terms of per capita coffee consumption, Germany ranks the highest across the three countries. Although Vietnamese taste differs from Indian taste of coffee, across all walks of life. India on the other hand, is a low-competition, untapped market. On the contrary, Germany is a modify market with various different established competitors. The ease of doing business in Germany is the lowest, wh ile Vietnam comes second and India is the hardest with high barriers of bureaucracy. Three strategies above aim to penetrate different markets. Although each market has their potential, the first two markets can cause some problem for Supersaturates.The first one to be eliminated is India market. Although there are less coffee industry concentration and the match of taste between Indian people and Lily Supersaturates product, India has a tea-drinking culture with the slow switching toward coffee. Moreover, since Supersaturates shortly does not possess any outlets in this neutron, it is very hard for the firm to establish their business due to the nation baking system and bureaucracy. In fact, India ranked 17th out of 189 countries in term of starting business (The World Bank 2013). Therefore, Supersaturates should not open its store in India. Secondly, Lily may also face difficulties penetrating Germany market.Despite the substantial coffee drinking market, Germanys coffee industry has very high level of concentration and saturation, which leads to fierce competition. Hence, it is staggeringly hard for Supersaturates to stand out from the clutter to be successful. The recommended strategy is strategy 3, penetrating Vietnamese globalizes and brand chasers by offering premium and ethical-grown coffee as well as authentic Italian service with artistic and novelty value. Although there are high threats of substitution and fierce competition, about 64% Vietnamese people have positive sentiments toward Italian brand and about 58% people link Italian brand with luxury (Miami and Memorial 2012).Hence, the value proposition of Supersaturates to Vietnamese market is appropriate and has a high chance of success in this market. Eliminate Price minify Raise Ambiance Availability Augmented products Social status forwarding Create Inspirational Value (Arts) Theatrical Performance (Baristas coffee-making process) ambiance. By conducting a blue-ocean strategy, which includes avoiding price competition and adding an element of inspiration, Lily Supersaturates separates itself from the current competition and carves a new niche for premium coffee. (Refer to Appendix H for details) 6. 0 Bibliography Alone I and Leasers M 2012, The Espresso Lane to Global Markets, Richard Vive School of Business, Ontario, Canada.

Children Parents and Family needs Essay

E1 Explain the posit of families which whitethorn beseech professional accept.Families may come a variety of charters, in which they need professional support. Families with a big(a) number of tykeren may not sport the required amount of living space, this could mean that youngsterren argon sharing beds, or p arnts atomic number 18 not sleeping in a room. Children thwart unwrap lack of sleep atomic number 18 proven to cin one casentrate less and baffle slower. Families that atomic number 18 suffering with poverty may not be up to(p) to afford a house or afford to pay the bills. This is where the family go disclose gain financial support much(prenominal) as housing benefits, their council tax income for desexualize be paid for them leaving them to pay for water, gas and electricity.some(a) seasons this answer still isnt enough so families go without thawing or hot water meaning they arnt meeting their introductory c atomic number 18 needs. Within the co mmunity there result be numerous fields that will offer families in this situation help. They include, sure sw both(a)ow centres, pabulum banks, the church and other families. Families in this situation benefit from living in an inclusive community, where the area is safe and free of crime, be it anti- amicable behaviour of elders or racial harassment. Most areas build community support officers that the boorren will realize introduced to in school or when out on the streets choke togethering. If a family is in the raw to the area and are of a take issueent culture they may battle to gain help, due to harassment, or lack of confabulation, be it langu term problems, or no ph adept. Money seems to be the main realize of most of the needs that require help.E2 Explain the issues which may lead to render in families. on that point are m some(prenominal) issues which may lead to or pillowcase attempt in a family, these potbelly include, bereavement, youthful arrivals, a disabled family part, unemployment and poverty. chastening has a huge impact on pip-squeakren as comfortably as adults unless peasantren tiret al counselings show that they are organism affected. Bereavement will affect the family in diverse ways depending on who has passed on. If the deceased is a strong main family member, such as a sibling or a main carer the minor will be affected hugely, this will wealthy person an effect on their whole ordinary. This could be because they are used to looking that individual, or they are used to that person looking after them.A new arrival loafer cause stress by mode ofout the family, between the primary carers and between siblings, maybe even up between children and carers. A baby causes stress between all relationships in a family. The primary carers may begin to argue this is because the child has interpreted over their day they may constitute tiered meaning their whim changes and arguments crop up. The other children i n the family may tactile property left out and start to resent the new arrival. This tidy sum cause older children to start misbehaving and younger children may hurt the new baby.A disabled family member will cause stress between the family members, this could be through others interfering, or members feeling left out. When a disabled family member needs a lot of care and attention it takes over the families routine. When the main carers become indolent it causes stress between them and throughout the family. A change I routine sens affect all the family as well as the person becoming unemployed. If that persons income was used to pay bills then the family may become baseless, they may down to live in a security or even worse the streets. Poverty causes stress on all the family they will start to cut back on privileges, this provoke cause bul fabrication in schools when mufti-day is concerned.E3 Explain the role of enkindles in childrens take on and identify appropriate re sources and toys.The parents role is to keep the child safe and give them m both play opportunities throughout the day. This will differ and change regarding the childs age and abilities. The child will come up at their own speed meaning that they will need different resources to encourage exploitation. It is believed that children bunco opera hat through play so neglecting the child of play is potentially stopping the child from learning wellnessily.It is in-chief(postnominal) that the resources are age appropriate for the children this is for health and safety mostly due to half-size parts which may lead to choking. It is classical that the toys are working flop too, as if the toy is supposed to talk out loud and flame the child will not be getting the most out of the toy and will lose interest meaning they will not develop. In the first few months of a babys life, when they basist sit up or pick up objects babies standardised things that sing and move such as mobiles. It is easily to look for mobiles with high-contrast colours and patterns. some(prenominal) babies are particularly fond of mobiles that play music.Small fleet held toys such as rattles are good at this age as they will learn if they move their hand they are devising the noise. Having kooky music or nursery rhymes playing when interacting with the child will fall by the wayside the parent to see how the baby responds to music. Babies exchangeable to see their own refection so a plastic mirror leave alones them to play safely. Soft confines with sensory sections are good for babies to explore, at this age it is usually with their mouths instead of their fingers up to now if its noisy they will scrunch the book to make noise.As they get older (6 months) the baby will have new needs and parents should follow up them to the best they can. Babies enjoy play mats and activity bars. These usually contain toys that set down above the child of are around the child when they are l ying down this will encourage physical development. dallyivity bars are good for playing on the move in cars or in prams. Teddys become more of a comfort if the child has it constantly so that when they are going somewhere different they have a home comfort which is familiar to them. Rubber toys such as ducks will allow children to chew and explore whilst providing entertainment when squeaking if being gripped. Thick hard board books will allow children to help soften and turn pages and they will enjoy listening to the story as well as looking at pictures.At 12 months the baby will start to move more they will have gain a lot of strength in their arms and legs and toys such as large building bricks push and pull toys sorting and nesting toys climbing gyms balls crayons ride on toys kitchens and picture books.E4 Describe the benefits of communication between children, parents and practitioners.It is beneficial to children, parents and practitioners to have good communication and a professional relationship. This can be good because some quantifys parents feel left out and feel they are not making decisions on their childs life. These decisions can be what they do, what they wash up, whether they learn roughly different cultures if they are involved in lessons such as trip out precept and lessons involving celebrations such as Christmas and Easter. If a family had a different heathen background their beliefs may be different, meaning that their family may not motive them to learn or take part in festive activities. most cultures have certain regimen that they cant eat this is important that it is shared with compass so that we can compliancy their wishes and uphold their religions to the best we can. By respecting the family practitioners can keep the consistency of care the child is receiving at home. Meaning confusion is unlikely. Practitioners should have good relationships with the children in their setting, if that child is one of their key chi ldren it is important that the practitioner builds a relationship of trust so that the child can come to them with any problem or problem they may be having.Communication can be in person, however some ms parents do not have the same language as we do so in this case letter form in their mother tongue is useful. My setting have a baby book that they send home each night giving the parent the study they need such as what they have done, what they have eaten, their bowel movements, how oft they have slept and if they have had any injuries, they will as well be stipulation a copy of the accident form.E5 Discuss skills and strategies which are effective in supporting families.There are many ways in which settings can support families effectively. Setting can support families by communicating with them as and when needed they can keep them updated on their childs promotion and what is natural event by, text, email, letter, newsletter and some will do it in person. Families can als o communicate with settings so that they can request they support they need. This can be for a misfortunate period of time or keen-sighted term due to the seriousness of the issue. Providing suitable resources such as books or story sacks will mean that the setting is supporting the family help the child learn at home.This is by allowing children to take home stories to read or by giving them the story sack so have a play with. Story sacks can help when the child is learning a new story such a little red locomote hood. In the sack will be toys that will allow them to play and re-enact the story. They can sometimes be given maths activities and games if the child is absentminded in a certain area making their learning playfulness for all the family. Settings can also introduce new services to the family if they require extra help these can include family support officers, social workers and psychiatrists. This can be for many reasons simply will be initially to support the fami ly.E6 Describe the types of support and information functional to parents and families. C1 Evaluate the types of support which will enable parents to meet the needs of their children-We have defined family support as all services which aim to promote family wellbeing by improve relationships in families and improving standards of living.(Bruce.T. pg 32 2007) Childrens centres were providing a massive crease of such services home visiting, parenting courses, drop-ins, support convocations, family learning activities, adult education and employment support. There are numerous amounts of support and information available for families. This will differ according to required help.All families will have support workers however not all of the families will have social workers. Social workers are used for families that may have difficulties, such as child with disabilities or families where a parent is in or skillful out of prison or families where the child is lacking in development massively. Families will be offered sure start places, where they will learn new strategies and will be able to talk to other new parents. This is also good for the babies as they can interact with each other and learn how to play and share. The sure start centre by me offers mingle and comminute with stay and play from 9.15am- 11.30 followed by bring your own lunch and eat at the centre from quarter to twelve to twenty five minutes past twelve.There is also a stay and play group for two hours on a week day afternoon. They offer families first child care which is affordable, employment and training for families with young children family support such as home visits, support for parents, information and guidance on parenting and medical specialist support for families. They offer health services Anti natal advice, midwife sessions, dental care, speech therapists, breastfeeding, health and safety and help with healthy lifestyles. certain start centers have many positive points these being, local flexibility, services including outreach and home visiting, family support and good quality play, learning and childcare facilities. Some negatives are that some people feel sure start is there to help people that are lacking in care for children, so they are put off.A toy library lends or hires out toys, puzzles, and games, go either as a rental shop or a form of family resource program. Toy libraries offer play sessions for families and a wide range of toys appropriate for children at different stages in their development. Toy libraries provide children with new toys every week or two, saving parents money and care children from getting bored. Positive reasons for toy libraries are that they allow families to rent and soak up toys so that the children can play with their new interests this can also allow them to develop while the parent saves money to buy them new age appropriate toys to help them develop also some children have short interests so to buy the toys would be a waste if they only get played with once.A child I know took an interest in dolls and prams, so they borrowed one from the toy library which he played with twice and has never shown interest again. Negatives, is that sometime its a struggle to get to the library some parents may be put off as they think its not clean and it looks like they cant provide for their children. If it is a puzzle maybe there are pieces missing, this should be checked but may have been missed. Some children cant borrow what they want as others already have, and if they brake the toy that child misses out.E7 Explain the role of the practitioner in supporting families-The role of the practitioner in supporting families is to give them all the help and advice you can. When doing this it is important that practitioners respect the codes of confidentiality both ways not chattering about what they have been told unless it is a concern and not telling them information they dont need to know, this could be about other children, parents or staff. The practitioners project is to care for the child and insuring their welfare is paramount. They will do this by find the child on a regular basis.This is the most important job. To do these practitioners will seem meeting to controvert anything they have concerns about, be it their health or development. If their concerns are put further they will have to attend multi-agency team meetings which will have other professional in to discuss what should happen with the child. The Children Act 1989 has god setting by bringing together several(prenominal) sets of guidance and provided the foundation for many of the standards practitioners sustain and maintain when working with children.(Meggit, pg376 2012) The Act requires that settings work together in the best interests of the child and that they form partnerships with parents /carers. It requires settings to have appropriate adult child ratios and policies and procedures on child pr otection. This Act has had an influence in all areas of practice from planning a curriculum and establish keeping.D1 Describe how the practitioner can recognise when children and adults may be experiencing problems.The practitioner can recognise problems with children if they have looked after them for a long time the children are very familiar to them. They will notice if the child is lovesick or troubled, this can be shown through behavior, lack of interest, be it food or activities. A child will also show their problems through observations this can be attitude and behavior changes. If the child has emotional stress they will show it through crying, or sometimes through playing, it could be shown in the role play area or just in chit chat with their friends. They will see problems in adults in sundry(a) ways. If the family are starting to have financial problems this may be shown through cheques bouncing. If there are other problems at home, parents may come in looking upset, tiered, and hot and bothered. Practitioners can tell a lot by someones body language and their facial expressions.D2 Discuss both (2) strategies which parents can use for promoting positive behaviour in children.Parents have a range of different strategies for promoting positive behaviour these include give back charts and time out. Reward charts can be for numerous reasons meaning you can reward them for doing more than one thing. This promotes all types of positive behaviours like using manners, eat all their lunch, tidying their toys, not having an accident, and going to bed at night. The idea is that once they have filled their reward chart they can do something they enjoy. It is important not to take the stickers off them as they will think they are never going to fill it. All theorist believe in praising and rewarding good behaviour.Time out is an effective way of disposing of bad behaviour this is done usually by the same rules. initiatory telling the child that it is unwa nted behaviour and it is not acceptable, 2nd warning the child that if they do it again they will be put on time out, and 3rd following through and putting them in time out. Parents will then go to them after the correct time and ask them for an apology, if they apologise properly it is suggested that they have a kiss and a nose to show that they have been forgiven. However if they dont apologise they should uphold in time out till they realise their behaviour is unacceptable. Many child behaviour theorists support this such as Jo Frost.B1 Analyse some key issues for professionals working in support of families.The key issues for all professionals are building a trusting relationship with the families this is not just with the parents but with the children too, this is so that they can talk to them in confidence about any troubles and concerns they may have when they are given the information practitioner essential not break the trust and be confidential with the information unl ess they feel it needs to be looked in to. Practitioners need to make sure they are not viewing any judgements on the family, if judgments are made and are spoken this could lead to the relationship failing and communication dropped if this happens in a setting we cannot make sure the childs welfare is ok. linguistic communication barriers can occur in different ways, these being if they speak a foreign language and if they dont have an education in your area of profession such as telling a parent you are an EYP will be like talking to them in French they wont understand. It is important to be clear to all the family and all the other professionals involved. If the multi-professional team is involved in supporting the family there can be many issues the family have, they may become confused as although they are working to the same aim they are pushing their own area of work more, however this might not be the best preference for the child.The parents of the child will become overl oaded with information and they may become confused. Families working with the multi-agency team will have many areas of professions working aboard each other to get the child on the right tracks however all the areas are completely different so they will be asking a lot all at once. This will be a lot to take in and parents may feel like there is too much to do.A1 Reflect on the benefits to children, parents, families and practitioners from working in partnershipWhen parents are working in partnership with practitioners it mean they are working towards the same aim as each other. This is important as children are easily confused. If parents are involved in planning it means that they know what is happening in their childs life at nursery, this is good if the child is too young to talk or has communication problems. It is important to have a good, but professional relationship with the family members of the child in your care, as a practitioner we need to know what is happening in the childs life at home so we can meet their individual needs, this will be done as and when it is needed. We need to be aware of what they are able to do, regarding religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds.This is important when we are cooking for the children too we also need to be kept up to date with any medication they are on, any food allergies, what they are allowed to eat and what they arent. Sometimes parents feel they need to contest with the childs key worker as they both have a strong bond with the child. This is usually when a child is in the care of a practitioner for most of the waking day. If parents have concerns they should speak to the key worker and they can put into place an activity, where they are showing pictures of their family and teaching them who they are, for example mummy and daddy. Parents can be resentful towards the setting if the child does something significant in their care, such as first wrangle or first steps. If practitioners are working in partnership and have a good relationship with the parents they will take this on easier than if they dont have a very good relationship.

Domestic Violence And Its Effects Essay

domestic Violence And Its EffectsIntroduction This essay the primary(prenominal) wo hands characters in Trifles by Susan Glaspell and endeavor by Zora Neale Thurston to explore domesticated rage. The deuce capers form an ideal pair which explores domestic vehemence and its effects in the confederation. The essay considers how this issue is dramatized differently by Glaspell and Zora. By examining the two novels together, in the limelight of domestic violence and its impacts, the essayist depart better discern, in relief, of the two plays achieve success and continues to fascinate the endorsers. Both novelists explore the sexual intercourse between the legal narrative, official and illegitimate, suppressed stories, in which the fe masculines and the males version of conflict ascend over cardinal a nonher and the destiny of wo men, determine their trials. In Trifles, the law is bent and the context of the women replaces the context of men in the court. Domestic violenc e or emotional corrupt is a behaviour employ by one spouse to take program line of the other. Forms of domestic hollo include sexual abuse, emotional, physical and economical, and rear end persist from coercive, subtle forms of reproach to brutal physical abuse that may answer to death or .disfigurement. Domestic violence affects those involved together with their certain families, co- sueers, friends and community at large. This crime affects children brought up in such families seriously. It subjects them to legion(predicate) physical and social problems. This creates a significant chance of increasing the risks of such children becoming the societys next victims and abusers. The Trifle and the Sweat will give us a great opportunity of exploring some forms of domestic violence and their effects to the victims. Susan Glaspell and Zora Neale Hurston lived during the early 1900s (Wagner-Martin, pp. 33). During this period, the role of the women in the society was cosmos submissive to men as well as taking flush of the domestic duties and responsibilities. This took place in tot onlyy in all rural areas. Women hardly worked in order to support their families financially (Lupton, pp. 46). Their principal duties were to take care of children and touch other placehold duties. As a result, females were placed in the uphold class status where they were not considered as intelligent as men and were subjected to abuse. The two plays capture the struggles faced by women during this cartridge c back talk. Males imply women in the plays with all the formulaic trappings in the setting of the rural American. Nevertheless, Glaspell and Hurston show women seldom fit the stereotype and should never be underestimated at all. The society during this time had great influence on the way people lived, and could either unblock or oppress based on their standards of living. The society intrustd in the male superiority and women were oppressed and discontent ed with their lives. The women in the Sweat and the Trifles are lost from their spouses as a result of traditional beliefs that dictate that women should be submissive, the males should overshadow marriages, and the need of possessions to facilitate a happy marriage (Lupton, pp. 48). The Sweat tells the novel of a hero Delia Jones, who washes clothes for the whites in Florida town. She used to use the cash she got to support her family (Hurston, pp.77). Nevertheless, Delia is married to an unkind man, Sykes. He is abusive to Delia, both physically and mentally. He has an affair with another lady and he uses the money bring in by Delia to comfort his mistress. One daytime, he brings a rattle snake to his house in order to abuse Delia. Ironically, the snake kills him. As the play ends up the author r for each ones the reader under that Delia does no effort to save up the look of her abusive husband as he lay demise of bites inflicted by the snake. Married women are unequ ally treated. They are indispensable to do all domestic works and be submissive to their spouses. They are required to do things in order to please their husbands. Delia is abused by Sykes who physically beats her from time to time. As a result, domestic violence washes let out the love between them. This is evident from the passive response of Delia when her husband suffers from the variant inflicted into his body by the rattle snake which he had brought into the house to abuse Delia. The narrator makes the theme clear by the reaction of Delia. Where at that place is abuse in marriage, suppressed parties will always want to revenge to the lousiness did by their husbands. Delia reacts with less concern about the pain her husband is issue with as a way of revenging the abuse she has been going through the married life. Domestic violence causes unfair treatment to the passive party. In the in truth beginning of the story, the writer makes the reader witness how women are use d to attending all domestic chores. At this time, there were no study opportunities for women more so the blacks. Nevertheless, Sykes is very unsympathetic to the needs of Delia who works for very little money in the laundry. He refuses to work and leaves his wife with all financial responsibilities. When Sykes tries to beat his wife, she says, Looka heah, Sykes, you done gone too far. Ah, been married to you hide fifteen years and Ah been takin in washing for fifteen years. Sweat sweat, sweat Work and sweat, cry and sweat, pray and sweat (Hurston, pp.89). This clearly shows that in families dominated by domestic families, the life is so unfulfilling to the spouse touch on and there is no love for each other. Marriages dominated by violence are subject to threats to each other. Sykes keeps on beating his wife and repeatedly uses threats such as Dont give me no lip neither, else Ahll throw em out and put ma fist tiptop yo head to boot. (Hurston, pp. 91). Ironically, the socie ty knows what happening between the two spouses but they believe that what happens in marriages is too personal to question. Domestic violence leads to unfaithfulness and abhorrence in marriages. The novel reveals that Sykes carries publicly affairs with another woman. To make the matters worse, he uses the hardly earned money by his wife to comfort the mistress. Sykes keeps on telling Delia that she is too thin and that his other partner is fatter, beneficial to make Delia inferior to his mistress. One day as Delia comes from work she check up ons the two in a general store. Sykes publicly embarrasses her and says he has no problem with using up her wifes hard earned money with his mistress. That very wickedness she confronts her husband and the two confess hatred to one another. The author makes the reader understand that domestic violence is accompanied by hatred and misuse of one another. In the end, Delia revenges back in order to get the national peace. When Delia is hi ding in the hangar from the rattlesnake, Hurston writes, A period of introspection, a stead of retrospection, and then a mixture of both. Out of this an unpleasant calm. (Hurston, pp. 78) Possibly this is all Delia will ever find to pacify her soul. Domestic violence is characterised by conflicts as seen in the case of Sykes and her wife. The conflict between the two starts when Delia brings her work in the house. Sykes is angered when he comes home and finds his wife sorting the cloths of her bosses. He verbally abuses her and tells her that he does not want the laundry in their home. He also attacks his wife on religious conviction. He wants her to respect the Sabbath day and keep it holy by not working. Delia tells him that her work caters for their home and wins them their periodical bread. As a result, the author makes the reader understand that domestic violence makes parties not appreciate the roles of their spouses. They are always at the blame of each other and the marr iage is dominated by criticism as evident in the marriage between Delia and Sykes. Domestic violence leads to murderous plant in marriages. As a result of the hatred, adulterous behaviours and abuse of one another the feeling of killing the abusive party enters into the other party. For instance, as Trifles opens, Henderson asks Mr. Hale to explain to him what happened. Mr. Hales responds by narrating a series of events which led to his husking on murder, more so his conversation with Mrs. Wright, whom he found in the kitchenette with the body of his husband laying carelessly. He says, I was surprised she did not ask me to come up to the stove, or to set down, but just sat there, not even looking at me, so I said, I want to see John. And then she-laughed (Glaspell, pp.37). The narrator makes it clear that Mrs. Wright never minds about the death of her husband as laughed at him when he demanded to see her husband. Glaspell presents Mrs. Wright as a woman who had no feminine hyste ria behaviour. Domestic violence leads to neglect of the spouses fail can be said to be ignorance, or lack of giving proper attention to one another. Neglect is a major form of domestic abuse faced by many females todays society. This form of abuse is rarely inform to the concerned authorities as women make mere excuses in regard to those behaviours. Mrs. Wright of Trifle though she is a fiction character suffers the neglect as many women of today. Before the marriage, she was known for her pretty dress which she used to attend to choir with. This personality depicted the confidence and respect she had for herself. After marriage, her life makes significant changes. She had no children and used to stay only when in the house that she occupied together with her husband. She used to stay at home alone for many hours attending family duties. Domestic violence leads to suppression of the spouses Where violence exists there is always suppression of another. This argument is suppor ted by the two novels. In trifles, Mr. Wright suppresses and dominates his wife. The suppression makes her be unable to take part in society as she wished to. John Wring does not mind about how her wife thought or wished. The same suppression and the indifferences between the two can be seen as the possible drive for accusations made against Mrs. Wright for murdering her husband speckle in his sleep.ReferencesBen-Zvi, Linda. Murder, she wrote The genesis of Susan Glaspells Trifles. Theatre Journal 44.2 (1992) 141-162.Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. Plays by Susan Glaspell. (1991).Hilton, Leon. Trifles, by Susan Glaspell. Women & Performance a journal of feminist theory 21.1 (2011) 147-149.Hurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Rutgers University Press, 1997.Lupton, Mary Jane. Zora Neale Hurston and the choice of the Female. The Southern Literary Journal (1982) 45-54.Wagner-Martin, Linda, and Cathy N. Davidson, Eds. The Oxford book of womens writing in the United States. Oxford University Press, 19 99.Source document

Philosophy, Theory, and Ideology : Comparison and Contrasts Essay

I. Definition of school of speculation, ideology and possible actionThe voice communication school of thought, Theology and Ideology be linked with from each one otherwise. In order to discuss and comp ar each, definitions of the words are important. Philosophy is a greek word that came from the words philo and sophia. Philo agency love and sophia means wisdom. Taking these two words literally, the word philosophical system can be defined as the love of wisdom (theophil-bcantens.barry.edu, 2007). An article from theophil-bcantens.barry.edu (2007) had further explained that ism is a study of the ultimate. This definition was taken from what the philosophers had said around philosophy and the concepts that have been studied in philosophy. Ideology as defined in the dictionary, according to Rolf Schwarz, is a belief or a set of beliefs, oddly the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actions. On the other hand, Theory is defined by Curran and Takata (2007) as a systematic counseling of thought about a subject.II. Comparison of Philosophy, Ideology and TheoryBased on the three meanings, differences can now be seen from the three words. Philosophy is seen as a discipline like a branch of science or a branch of education. It is a subject that has theories and ideologies on its own. On the other hand, Ideology is a belief, meaning a person or a group of person could belief on that particular idea or non. Ideology pertains to any belief, as long as there is a person that believe in an idea then that can be pertained as the ideology of that particular idea. A theory is a way of thinking that explains something logically. A theory is usually a way to sponsor clarify the things that are happening around us.As the author had stated, Philosophy is a study of the ultimate. Ideologies are sometimes formed based on Philosophy. Most of the topic in Philosophy is quite complicated and around all issues are still under debate. Acco rding to Aristotle in Metaphysics, completely men naturally have an impulse to get knowledge., because there are many things in the world that are yet to be refined people tend to study why this is so. Philosophers tried to explain things and do some theories in philosophy. An example of which is Mentalism. This is considered as a philosophical theory wherein the mind is the true reality and objects exists only as aspects of the minds awareness (the freedictionary.com, 2007). However, others based their beliefs on Philosophy. Example is the Aetheist. The ideology of the Aetheist is that God does not exist. That is what they believe, however it is not yet proven still.III. ConclusionAs a conclusion, theory, ideology and philosophy differ in form. Philosophy is a discipline, Ideology is a belief and Theory is a way of thinking. These words are concerned with how the people think based on their daily lives. People are curious about what is happening in their purlieu and because of this, people formulated several questions about the existence of something or about the meaning of something. The questioning is then perceived as a philosophy if people start to study and try to discover the answer to the questions that are still yet to be found. Philosophical theories can become ideologies depending on the one who perceives it. On the other hand, an Ideology cannot be accounted as a theory because it is based on the belief of people. The belief could either be logical or not.

Leadership Theory

BA365 attractership system Mid confines Paper For this paper I decide to impression at quatern of the attractership theories. The ones I chose be singularity, Contingency, Situational, and behavioural. I pass on parley close the definitions of those four-spot theories. in addition I depart talk of the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each(prenominal). lead Theories on that point is a wide and ever outgrowth variety of theories to rationalize the concept and practice of drawing cardshiphip to me drawshiphip is a dynamic and mingled process.Per our text reserve attractionship is an influence alliance among attractions and pursuit who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their sh ard purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leading into different theories. The freshman I will talk about is the Trait surmisal. Trait possibility assumes that people inherit certain qualities and si ngularitys that make them better suited to attractorship. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories frequently identify particular soulality or behavioural characteristics sh bed by attractors. Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits be the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self faith, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leading focus on particular variables cogitate to the environment that might determine which particular course of leadership is better(p) suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this speculation depends upon a look of variables and qualities of the chase and aspects of the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Situational Theories place that leaders choose the best course of transaction based upon situational variables. Cherry, 2012) Per our book the Hersey and Blanchards extension of the leadership grid guidance on the characteristics of followers as the important element of the situatio n, and consequently, of determining advocateful leader behavior. (Daft, 2011) behavioural theories leadership is based upon the belief that great leaders atomic number 18 made, non born. This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on intellectual qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people quite a little learn to fabricate leaders by dint of teaching and poster. Cherry, 2012) Trait speculation The trait sit of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders both roaring and un lucky and is used to predict leadership efficientness. (Daft, 2011) The resulting lists of traits are then compared to those of authorisation leaders to assess their likelihood of success or failure. Scholars taking the trait approach attempted to identify physiological, demographic, personality, intellective, task-related, and social characteristics with leader emergence and leader effectiveness. Trait conjecture of leadership, 2012) Among the cor e traits identify are movement drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business, ablaze maturity date, charisma, creativity and flexibility. (Trait scheme of lead, 2012) Strengths of Trait possible action imply its of course pleasing, and it gives a detailed knowledge and figureing of the leader element in the leadership process. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) There are round limitations of the Trait Theory.They acknowledge subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a good or successful leader and the list of feasible traits tends to be very(prenominal) long. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Contingency Theory In contingence theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a division of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or base variables. (Daft, 2011) Fiedlers contingency theory is the earliest and most extensively researched.Fiedlers approach departs from trait and behavioral impersonates by asserting that group capital punishment is contingent on the leaders psychological orientation and on three contextual variables group atmosphere, task structure, and leaders power position. (Contingency Theory of Leadership, 2012) fielder came up with his approach to leadership after realizing that leaders could function well if they changed their flairs to suit the situation at hand. (Smith, 2012) According to Fiedler, leadership style may be defined as the way leaders and employees interact with one another. Smith, 2012) It should be noted that Fielders theory does not recompense all the attainable divisors affecting leadership. Some leaders may be more than effective if they undergo training or gain implement on the project. Such factors have not been accounted for by the contingency theory. (Smith, 2012) Fielder was trying to say that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Leaders kitty either be effective in certain situati ons and not all of them. Therefore, all separates can become leaders if they choose the most appropriate situation to implement their leadership styles. Smith, 2012) Additionally, it is possible to make a leader more effective by fixture the following position power, task structure and leader member relationships. Situational Theory The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by capital of Minnesota Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that leadership of employees must be adapted to the skills and job maturity of the individual employee. (What is the Situational, 2010) The situational leadership style intromits four leaderships styles.They include telling, selling, fighting(a) and delegating. Also the situational theory includes four maturity aims. They include M1, M2, M3 and M4. Telling is characterized by a strong leader categorizing roles for the employees, and who conducts his leadership with one-way communication. This leadership style is very autocratic, and is based upon followers being told what to do. (What is the Situational, 2010) change is characterized by a strong leader providing direction, and there is more communication with followers.Leaders are trying to sell their messages to the followers, so that the followers actualise the importance of their duties, and record why different processes are important for the organization. (What is the Situational, 2010) fighting(a) is characterized by bipartite communication and shared conclusiveness reservation. Leaders include followers in job related aspects and in how task are to be accomplished. (What is the Situational, 2010) And deputation is characterized by a leader leaving much of the decision making power to the followers.Leaders are still monitoring progress, but are not as heavily involved in decision making processes. (What is the Situational, 2010) The maturity level M1 is followers with this level of maturity pretermit knowledge, skills, or confidence to do work on their own. They often need to be directed and manage before they abbreviate on tasks. (What is the Situational, 2010) maturity level M2 is followers in this year are still unable to take independent tariff for tasks, but they are generally ordain to work at the task. What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M3 are followers in this category are very experienced and able to perform the task at hand satisfactorily. And they do not have the confidence to take on sole righteousness for task accomplishment. (What is the Situational, 2010) With Maturity level M4, followers are experienced, and believe that they are able to perform well. They are not barely able and willing to perform their tasks, but are as well willing to take on independent responsibility for the accomplishment of tasks.By using the situational leadership model, leaders abide by the different needs of individuals, leaders may enlarge the learning edit of followers, and get a more skilled and prompt wo rkforce in return. (What is the Situational, 2010) Behavioral Theory Behavioral approach does not focus on the internal states or mental qualities of the leaders. Based on this theory, a person can learn to be a leader through and through observation and teaching. This theory believed that the environment is a big factor of how a leader behaves. Most behaviorists assume that in order to understand the behavior of the leaders must be observed.Every behavior can be observed and monitored through the responses in every stimulus. The behavioral theory also assumes that the qualities of a leader are developed, and everyone starts with a clean slate. It is believed that the qualities of a leader are organize based also on the environmental factors. (Behavioral Approach, 2012) final result So in conclusion I discussed in this paper four of the Leadership theories that we have learned about in this class. I went through and defined Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral theories. I also discussed the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each theory. References Behavioral Approach. (2012). Retrieved phratry 20, 2012 from http//qualities-of-a-leader. com/behavioral-approach/ Cherry, K (2012). Leadership Theories 8 Major Leadership Theories. Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm Contingency Theory of Leadership (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Organizational%20Communication/Contingency_Theories. doc/ Daft, R. L. (2011). The LeadershipLeadership TheoryBA365 Leadership Theory Mid Term Paper For this paper I decide to look at four of the leadership theories. The ones I chose are Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral. I will talk about the definitions of those four theories. Also I will discuss the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each. Leadership Theori es There is a wide and ever growing variety of theories to explain the concept and practice of leadership to me leadership is a dynamic and complex process.Per our text book leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. (Daft, 2011) The theories that I will talk about simplify leadership into different theories. The first I will talk about is the Trait Theory. Trait theory assumes that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership. (Cherry, 2012) Also Trait theories often identify particular personality or behavioral characteristics shared by leaders. Cherry, 2012) Per our text book traits are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self confidence, and appearance. (Daft, 2011) Contingency Theories of leadership focus on particular variables related to the environment that might determine which particu lar style of leadership is best suited for the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Success with this theory depends upon a number of variables and qualities of the followers and aspects of the situation. (Cherry, 2012) Situational Theories propose that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Cherry, 2012) Per our book the Hersey and Blanchards extension of the leadership grid focusing on the characteristics of followers as the important element of the situation, and consequently, of determining effective leader behavior. (Daft, 2011) Behavioral theories leadership is based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born. This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders not on mental qualities or internal states. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation. Cherry, 2012) Trait Theory The trait model of leadership is based on the characteristics of many leaders both successful and unsuccessful and is used to predict leadership effectiveness. (Daft, 2011) The resulting lists of traits are then compared to those of potential leaders to assess their likelihood of success or failure. Scholars taking the trait approach attempted to identify physiological, demographic, personality, intellective, task-related, and social characteristics with leader emergence and leader effectiveness. Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Among the core traits identified are achievement drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of business, emotional maturity, charisma, creativity and flexibility. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Strengths of Trait Theory include its naturally pleasing, and it gives a detailed knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the leadership process. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) There are some limitations of the Trait Theory.They include subjective judgment in determining who is regarded as a good or suc cessful leader and the list of possible traits tends to be very long. (Trait Theory of Leadership, 2012) Contingency Theory In contingency theory of leadership, the success of the leader is a function of various contingencies in the form of subordinate, task, and/or group variables. (Daft, 2011) Fiedlers contingency theory is the earliest and most extensively researched.Fiedlers approach departs from trait and behavioral models by asserting that group performance is contingent on the leaders psychological orientation and on three contextual variables group atmosphere, task structure, and leaders power position. (Contingency Theory of Leadership, 2012) Fielder came up with his approach to leadership after realizing that leaders could function well if they changed their styles to suit the situation at hand. (Smith, 2012) According to Fiedler, leadership style may be defined as the way leaders and employees interact with one another. Smith, 2012) It should be noted that Fielders theory does not cover all the possible factors affecting leadership. Some leaders may be more effective if they undergo training or gain experience on the job. Such factors have not been accounted for by the contingency theory. (Smith, 2012) Fielder was trying to say that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Leaders can either be effective in certain situations and not all of them. Therefore, all individuals can become leaders if they choose the most appropriate situation to apply their leadership styles. Smith, 2012) Additionally, it is possible to make a leader more effective by altering the following position power, task structure and leader member relationships. Situational Theory The Situational Leadership Theory was developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that leadership of employees must be adapted to the skills and job maturity of the individual employee. (What is the Situational, 2010) The situational leadership style includes four leaderships styl es.They include telling, selling, participating and delegating. Also the situational theory includes four maturity levels. They include M1, M2, M3 and M4. Telling is characterized by a strong leader categorizing roles for the employees, and who conducts his leadership with one-way communication. This leadership style is very autocratic, and is based upon followers being told what to do. (What is the Situational, 2010) Selling is characterized by a strong leader providing direction, but there is more communication with followers.Leaders are trying to sell their messages to the followers, so that the followers understand the importance of their duties, and understand why different processes are important for the organization. (What is the Situational, 2010) Participating is characterized by two-way communication and shared decision making. Leaders include followers in job related aspects and in how task are to be accomplished. (What is the Situational, 2010) And Delegating is characte rized by a leader leaving much of the decision making power to the followers.Leaders are still monitoring progress, but are not as heavily involved in decision making processes. (What is the Situational, 2010) The maturity level M1 is followers with this level of maturity lack knowledge, skills, or confidence to work on their own. They often need to be directed and supervised before they take on tasks. (What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M2 is followers in this category are still unable to take independent responsibility for tasks, but they are generally willing to work at the task. What is the Situational, 2010) Maturity level M3 are followers in this category are very experienced and able to perform the task at hand satisfactorily. And they do not have the confidence to take on sole responsibility for task accomplishment. (What is the Situational, 2010) With Maturity level M4, followers are experienced, and believe that they are able to perform well. They are not only a ble and willing to perform their tasks, but are also willing to take on independent responsibility for the accomplishment of tasks.By using the situational leadership model, leaders honor the different needs of individuals, leaders may increase the learning curve of followers, and get a more skilled and motivated workforce in return. (What is the Situational, 2010) Behavioral Theory Behavioral approach does not focus on the internal states or mental qualities of the leaders. Based on this theory, a person can learn to be a leader through observation and teaching. This theory believed that the environment is a big factor of how a leader behaves. Most behaviorists assume that in order to understand the behavior of the leaders must be observed.Every behavior can be observed and monitored through the responses in every stimulus. The behavioral theory also assumes that the qualities of a leader are developed, and everyone starts with a clean slate. It is believed that the qualities of a leader are formed based also on the environmental factors. (Behavioral Approach, 2012) Conclusion So in conclusion I discussed in this paper four of the Leadership theories that we have learned about in this class. I went through and defined Trait, Contingency, Situational, and Behavioral theories.I also discussed the overviews of the four theories including positives and negativities of each theory. References Behavioral Approach. (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//qualities-of-a-leader. com/behavioral-approach/ Cherry, K (2012). Leadership Theories 8 Major Leadership Theories. Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//psychology. about. com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories. htm Contingency Theory of Leadership (2012). Retrieved September 20, 2012 from http//www. utwente. nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Organizational%20Communication/Contingency_Theories. doc/ Daft, R. L. (2011). The Leadership