A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams :: A Streetcar Named Desire Essays

It is the complexity of the main characters and their interactions that make A Streetcar Named passion much(prenominal) a successful and challenging play. The play A Streetcar Named Desire made playwright Tennessee Williams summon and has deservedly since had over half a century of success. This remarkable success can be credited to the complicated characters and their interactions with each former(a).Sisters, Stella and Blanche have had an enjoyable upbringing on the family plantation, "Belle Reve". As the name suggests Stella and Blanches time at "Belle Reve" was near perfect. Like all things perfect it had to total to an end. While Stella did the logical thing and left the beautiful dream and married Stan, Blanche hung on to it unable(p) to move on and face reality. Blanche comes to Stella in an unbalanced state of learning ability in need of her sisters aid. The impression is given that this isnt the first time Stella has been in that location to help Blan che through a time of trouble. As much as she needs her help and as much as she respects her, Blanche powerfully disapproves of her sisters new life. Stella tolerates Blanches continual criticism of her husband, home and friends very well. From this and many other incidents throughout the play we see what a tolerant and adaptable someone Stella is.Stan and Stellas relationship is far from ideal. Stan is a violent man. On occasions he hits Stella, but comes after her to satisfy his sexual needs. This is not to say that Stella is uncheerful in her marriage to Stan. She has adapted to the way of life in " godlike Fields" where its accepted that women have arguments with their husbands and as a result atomic number 18 hit by them. Eunice and Steve have a similar relationship it is normal. contempt their violent relationship Stella relies on Stan as much as he does on her. Stella really does need Stan and the security he provides, especially with a baby on the way. Even if sh e werent expecting a child Stella would have a lot of trouble leaving Stan. She admits to Blanche that, "I can hardly concentrate it when he is away for a nightand when he comes back I cry on his lap like a baby".From the chip Blanche first came to stay at Stella and Stans home she posed a curse to Stan. He was used to being the only one Stella cared for, the one who command her.

Reasons for the Defeat of Napoleon in Russia in the Campaign of 1812

This essay allow for examine the cistrons that led to nap and his howling(a) the States fall behinding from Russia and until directlytually losing a commodious majority of soldiers as considerably as their notoriety of being invincible afterward invading Russia in 1812. It will also consider the effects that that particular war had on the downfall of forty winkss empire in the subsequent long time. The hunting expedition of 1812 was to be catnaps crowning achieve workforcet. His yard Armee of over 600,000 manpower from all corners of his empire was the largest he had ever assembled. The emperor moth of France was notorious to his enemies.His armies were tell to be invincible and his tactics in conflict were second to none. This was at least how he was perceived at the time. On the 23rd of June, 1812 he invaded Russia with the hopes of ultimately dominating atomic number 63. catnap did not anticipate, however, the harsh Russian atmospheric condition that they had to face coupled with the adust-earth policy that the Russians employed. He also overlooked the dismiss of Tsar Alexander in that the Russian Tsar would not save to pile under any circumstances. pile was also chip a losing battle within himself.His age was beginning to get the better of him and his tied(p) faith in himself blinded him from making correct closes. The lean of 1812 was a disaster for catnap. Worse than the loss of over 500,000 manpower in Russia was the fruition of Frances enemies that nap was no lasting the Invincible conqueror that he was. piles Russian tend failed due to the culmination of these discordant incidentors, barely above all, it was piles faulty judgment and unwavering confidence in himself that led to his demise.Furthermore, this great defeat exposed snoozes weakness to his enemies and as a impression his reign as emperor came to an end. The stand was a worthy opponent to Napoleon and his Grand Armee during his campaign in Russia. Ho wever, casualties could have been prevented if Napoleon prep ard properly for this grand campaign. Russia experiences extremely cutting winters that arrive rapidly. It also gets actually hot in the summer months. At the start of Napoleons campaign his military experienced very hot weather. As the campaign entered July the heat became unbearable.Napoleon and many of his men were struck with diseases. 1 Napoleon was losing soldiers to exhaustion, sickness and desertion at a enjoin of 5,000 per day. It is reported that after two months, with forth even postulateing a battle Napoleon had lost 150,000 soldiers. 2 General Cla spendwitz wrote, The bad water and the air-borne insects caused dysentery, typhus, and diarrhea. 3 However, if Napoleon had plotted to bring more doctors and medicine with him then many thousands of lives would have been saved. I believe this is Napoleons first in a serial publication of mistakes that stems from faulty planning.Napoleons army suffered even wor se during their retreat from Moscow. The soldiers were shattered by the bitter coldness of the harsh Russian winter. Again, Napoleon had not planned properly for this. In fact, he had not even planned that he would be in Russia during the winter, another fatal mistake. Napoleon proclaimed before the campaign began that he expected it to last 20 old age. 4 And according to another source he prepared 40 days worth of food for his army. 5 Either way this gross miscalculation by Napoleon in the preparation stages of his campaign.It is evident that Napoleon did not well plan for the Russian campaign, nor did he make the correct calculations that would ensure a critical victory. I think that this is due to his slowly deteriorating heath as well as Napoleons overconfidence and absurd belief that he could not be defeated. It seemed as though Napoleon failed to pageant his true genius in 1812 that had won him countless battles in the past. He displayed much caution, which was uncharac teristic of his once vigorous and dominating demeanour.It is still ill-defined whether this was due to his illness at the start of the campaign or a more deeply-seated issue in Napoleons age and irrational beliefs. This is what Napoleon say on the subject of his own health health is indispensable in war and, a few years afterward There is but one season for war I shall be fit for it six years longer, and then I shall myself be oblige to stop. He had passed the limit set by himself when the highest efficiency could be expected. 6 Napoleon was 42 years of age in 1812 and clearly his best years as a youthful and energetic leader were behind him.As he entered into this midlife crisis he became more restless and he wanted to to the full control Europe before he grew to a fault old to do so. Napoleon also maintained this sense of destiny, he found it astounding that others even tried to oppose his strength. Russia is now being led to her fate, permit her destiny be fulfilled 7 T his quote is evidence to the claim that Napoleon allowed his ego to get the better of his judgement. In Napoleons mind, it was matinee idols will for him to crush Russia and seize control of Europe.It was impossible for him to support this campaign against Russia, especially with the greatest army the humanity had ever seen at his disposal. With such a tremendous force Napoleon overlooked the finer details of the campaign that were essential to assuring its success. Another factor that greatly contributed to the failure of Napoleons 1812 campaign was the tactics that the Russians employed to deter his Grand Armee. The Russians would retreat deeper inland as soon as they seeing machine the Grand Armee approaching, which worked to exhaust their oppositeness.The Russians had no choice but to retreat when they saw Napoleons massive approaching army. As a result of this, the Grand Armee suffered. 8 It is unclear whether the Russians travel as they were aware that facing the colos sal invading force was suicidal or they did it on purpose in order to intentionally tire out the enemy. Either way, the retreat worked wonders against Napoleons Army. A French General said this We (the French cavalry) deploy, and boldly advance to the attack, and already reach their line but they disappear comparable a dream and we see solely the bare pines and birch trees.An time of day later, when we have begun to feed our horses, the dark line of Cossacks again appears on the horizon, and we are again threatened with an onslaught. We repeat the same manoeuvre, and, as before, our operations are not attended with success. Thus one of the best and bravest cavalry forces the world has ever seen was tired out and disorganised by those whom it considered unworthy foes, but who were the real saviours of their country. 9 As the Russians retreated, they gained in strength, and exhausted the resources of country on the track that was to be trailed by the invaders.This has stick to to be known as the scorched earth policy. This strategy was designed to deplete the enemys resources so that they may only survive on the provide that they brought along with them. The Russians burn their own countryside as they fell back. Napoleon did not anticipate the use of this tactic. It was greatly effective in depleting the numbers of the Grand Armee by sharp-set the enemy. The Russians were determined to defend their country from almost certain defeat. They fought knowing that their stainless country was relying on them to keep it from falling into Napoleons hands.This fillip and confidence in battle that the Russians had was also not anticipated by the French Emperor. He expected the Russians to roll over and be down(p) as he had done in previous campaigns. Also to his shame he found that the prepare in his own ranks was slowly melt As previously stated, Napoleon had amassed his army from all corners of his empire. Among the French on that point were Germans, Itali ans, Poles, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swiss and Croatians. Even though the numbers of this army were staggering, their cohesion as a unit was compromised due to the simple fact that they were all from incompatible countries.This mixture of languages and cultures, although very large and well organized, made efficiency and discipline an issue for Napoleon. Also, only the French troops were the ones who were well equipped and well trained, they were inspired to fight under their beloved Emperor. The same cannot be said of the rest of the troops. 10 The foreigners were fighting because they had no choice, they were allies to Napoleon but they divided up no special bond with him, nor were they particularly motivated to be fighting in his name and in the name of France.This was another key factor that played a large role in the dismantling of the army during Napoleons retreat form Moscow. Napoleon also failed to arrive at that the Tsar Alexander would not surrender as easily as he thought . Napoleon thought that after a handful of decisive victories the Tsar would agree peace foothold and Napoleon would have his way. He also mistakenly thought that if he were to occupy the Russian not bad(p) of Moscow then the country would be at his mercy. A oneness blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the holy, will instantly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy. 11 Napoleon, contempt having extensive relations with Tsar Alexander had underestimated his character. The Tsars respond was strong and unwavering in his decision to not accept terms of peace with Napoleon. He did not even respond to Napoleon, even though the French Emperor now occupied the capital city. 12 It is important to abide by that as the Grand Armee entered into Moscow it was in flames, set ablaze by the Russians themselves in accordance with their scorched earth policy. This denied Napoleons men the provisions and plunder that they so desired and had been promised.The occ upants had fled to the countryside and the city was left ramshackle and up in flames. Napoleon had again been bested by the Russians. His army was now 1/5th of what it was. Two of my sources hold very different views when it comes to the morale of Napoleons men at this time. One maintains that the officers maintained their confidence in Napoleon while the troops, although not happy with the fact that they had no provisions retained their thoughtlessness and were still content under the Emperors guidance. 13 The other source depicts more of a sense of disillusionment within the ranks. The fires by which the place was devastated reacted on the discipline of the troops. The men disposed themselves to disorder, and marauding did not cease until the Emperor took stringent measures to restore discipline. 14 Napoleon was left with a dilemma to ponder. He could either continue the campaign and make a final push to defeat the weakened enemy with the disgruntled and famished troops that he had left or he could quickly retreat and leave Russia knowing that he had been outmanoeuvred by his enemy. Napoleon took a third option.He waited for word from Tsar Alexander. He was approving that the Tsar would sign a peace agreement. Napoleon was unaware of the fact that Alexander could not possibly surrender, it was his duty as Tsar to neer accept terms. This led to Napoleon hesitating in Moscow for quintet weeks. With no word from Alexander and winter fast approaching. A decision needed to be made quickly. Napoleon gave the order to retreat and they marched out of Moscow on the 19th of October. 15 This hesitation from Napoleon would soon come back to bite them.Napoleon lingered in Moscow for far too long. His stay should not have exceeded two weeks and he should have retreated in September. By hesitating so long he brought closely the horrors that would face him and what was left of his army in the following weeks. Three weeks after Napoleon and his army exited Moscow the winter emerged. As they marched westward the cold gradually increased until it became almost unbearable. As the temperature dropped to -20 degrees the retreating soldiers began dropping kindred fly from starvation, disease and the bitter cold.Discipline declined. The famished soldiers no longer did what they were told. They had no honour left to do battle, instead the main goal of every soldier was to stay alive. Men fought over food supplies and clothes. Some bedraggled the unit in search of provisions elsewhere. The army was no longer a fighting force. 16 This, however was not the retreating armys only problem. The Cossacks attacked the army from all flanks, they were vicious and relentless to Napoleons army, and they showed no mercy to anyone who fell behind the main unit. 17 Napoleons army was slowly fading away, little by little each day. Napoleon even wore a vial of poison around his neck in the event of him being captured. Less than 90,000 soldiers escaped Russia even after Napoleon had abandoned what was left of his army when he heard of a coup developing in Paris. The campaign in Russian was colossal failure. With what looked like a sure victory for Napoleon at the start of the campaign ended in shambles. Napoleon was outwitted and undone by the tactics of the Russians. Something Napoleon did not consider possible.Napoleons failure to understand that the Russians would fight with such desperation to defend their motherland was a costly mistake. Napoleon greatly underestimated his enemy, as well as the amount of necessary provisions to feed such a massive force as the Grand Armee. Everything seemed to conspire against Napoleon in the Russian campaign and in whatever respects he was hopelessly unlucky. His belief in himself and his army was so great, his star so bright that he became blinded. He failed to think through the battle plan thoroughly enough and the result was a great failure. This failure did not go unnoticed by the rest of Europe. by an d by it became obvious that Napoleon had lost with such a large army at his disposal Britain, Russia, Prussia and Sweden decided to strike Napoleon when he appeared weakest. His genius as an invincible conqueror took a massive hit. The rest of Europe realized that it was possible to defeat Napoleon. Napoloen was able to rally another army to defend his empire from the forces that were now conspiring against him but it was too late, the initial ravish had been done through the Russian campaign and Napoleons empire would never again ascend to what it once was prior to the campaign of 1812.

The Muslim parents

Definition OF THE RESEARCH ITEMThis paper will discourse how Muslim p bents unsex the determination of learning their kids in both types of tr personals, still anyway on what footing they make this determination and what argon the chiliad undersurface it and whether there is a demand for Moslem takes in Western states.Significance OF THE STUDYWhat were the grounds that Muslims embarked on edifice everywhere 100 Muslim schools in dictate to educate their kids with their needed argument and why there ar hush former(a) Muslims who send their kids to state of matter schools. To pull in their split up we defy to understand what is Muslim Education is closely and the resources and the ism of their instruction. There is nt a smoke of documented literature almost the Muslim philosophical instruction in the Western states and the sm any getable has been d one(a) by Britain. Some of these diaries hurl talked nigh topics refering to what Islamic schools are all close. Is it about Islamic surveies or is at that site more than to it than meets the oculus? The surveies undertaken are of an superiorly measurable capable pertaining to the Muslim participation and they will foreground the issues that the younger generation of Moslems encounter to get the discontinue of in order to guarantee that their kids are exposed to the basic sacred constructs of Islam. Whether it is required that the kid is exposed to the ghostly civilization and construct at that age would be a tough topic as the procreation of the kid will be curb to the society. In Britain the accept in 1970ss was different and 80 % of Muslims were from India and Pakistan and the balance 20 % are from other states of the human race in changing proportions. Schools in the limit of the 70 s were more on the lines of civilization instead than trustingness.LITERATURE REVIEWMuslim parents populating in states that adopt the Western life style, including Australia are faced with th e hard pick of make up ones minding where to direct their kids for regular instruction every spotlight good as Islamic instruction. Parents frequently want to direct their kids to a full clip Islamic school for surveies or to direct responsibleness schools. The inquiry that arises is why Muslim parents will choose to direct their issuance to analyze in a full clip Islamic school everyplace the body politic schools and this presents the question-do they want to raise their kids with ghostlike beliefs or do they exclusively want to happen a union that makes them experience received and wanted? Muslim parents that opt to direct their kids to analyze in Islamic schools are excepting them from interacting with other kids from different civilizations, chiefly Western and this prevents the kid from larning about the Western life style and making their ain Islamic community within it.On the other manus, the Muslim households who send their kid to the province schools provide the ki d the chance to a hebdomadal category of spiritual surveies. In Britain, the Muslims send their kids to authorities schools and so they teach them at place or in the mosques. Like any other normal school in the universe, in province schools, kids would frequently confront jobs like sleep with aparting or strong-arming ground upon their spiritual orientation. The harm whether it is psychological or physical can impact on the behaviour and can act upon the Muslim pupil s public presentation in the schoolroom. From the Muslim parents dress, the intelligence that their kids would have is expireing to be through a secular position and this frequently will be unfastened and indifferent towards any unpaired faith as it would be more attuned to the Western doctrine. This does non settle down pat(p) good with parents of Muslim kids as a Western instruction doctrine would be against the Theological instruction of Islam and sideline the Islamic instructions. In Britain, mosques mould a grownup function for Muslim kids to have Islamic surveies later on school clip but in Australia the bulk of Muslims I have met teach their kids either at place or they send their kids to a Muslim school.The Muslim population in Australia has grown by 69.4 % over a period from 1996 through to 2006. There are 360,000 community that are identified Muslims populating in Australia. Their diverse communities are concentrated chiefly in Sydney and Melbourne. Since the 1970 Muslims established Islamic schools and more than 100 mosques and pray centres ( Department of the remote Affairs and Trade in the Australian authorities ) .Were schools built on basic Islamic foundation or on strong, cultural and racial constructions? Some of the Muslims parents of the first and the 2nd coevals born in Britain were non ameliorate in Islam themselves but their belief constructions were extremely influenced from their civilization. The parents belief construction may match to the life experience s of those populating in rural Pakistan or India. As a consequence they do non harmonize with the life experiences of those who have been born and increase in the West ( Gilliat, 1994, p. 173 ) . However, there are other Islamic schools that started to travel off from the cultural terra firma and have tried to develop into a more incorporate and interracial British oriented Muslim School. An congressman of this is the Islamic School on London that was set up by Yusuf Islam ( once the vocalist Cat Stevens ) . The schools have kids from 25 different nationalities ( Ghaffar, 1997, p160 ) and the large inquiry is Did the Muslims in Australia acquire to travel through the same experience every bit good as those in Britain? In other words do they have Muslims schools or do they place the schools ground upon classification based upon the nature of surveies being conducted? I could nt happen decent surveies about the intents of constructing Islamic schools in Australia but through some search on the cyberspace. It was obvious that the Islamic schools through their portals do non speak about and back up any sort of ethical stereotyping based upon faith and nationality. This was substantiated by interviews of the mark sector as good. Their instruction methods and policies are based upon Islamic determine. The topic has a batch of range for farther surveies and required farther research ( Hatina, 2006 ) .From one of the diaries, there was an article on an Australian adopting Muslim treasures. The writer had an interview with one of the Bangladeshi s background in Perth on which she noted that Australian values are withal cosmopolitan valuesAs Kabir ( 2008 ) , stated, Australia is really a place to people from assorted background and assorted states and when these people moved from their land they were non merely conveying exposure to other civilizations upon themselves, but they bring with them their values from their ain states. Australian values are truly mere ly a gathering of these values. For illustration, the value of giving everyone a just spell, is really such(prenominal) Aussie but it is something that is universally acceptable.DecisionObviously all the treatment about how Muslim instruction ca nt be separated from political point of position because of the different Islamic positions and manner of life is to research the possibilities for making an environment that will precaution the rights of the Muslims kids s instruction and fulfill Australia s Muslim community without contriving their ain environment and excepting the kids from the western society while continuing their Islamic individuality. To make such an environment to Muslim s household in Australia we have to construct a span of interaction with the philosophers of the Islam and the West and happen a new manner that is accessible to western ideas without altering the rules and indispensable values of Islam ( Alavi, 2008 ) .We have to retrieve that person who is non a n Australian, is besides person who is non a Bangladeshi, or non an Indian or non an Afghan, because each of these states they represent have the same flesh of credence of the same kind of cosmopolitan values that define society. In an interview conducted by a journalist Nahid Afrose on the topic atomic number 18 immature Muslims following Australian values that was conducted on 6th of may 2006 provided an penetration about the mentality of immature Muslims life in Australia. It revealed that Muslims populating in Australia do nt confront any favoritism and cultural based jobs repayable to their diverseness of the nationalities in Australia. The diaries negotiations about the political point of position of the Muslims value as a batch of articles and books do. The article ca nt state much about the Education but I was able to understand that that was one of the grounds that Muslim parents based their pick of schools. Through her survey she mentioned that all of the 32 kids of the survey are in province schools because they come from begin socio economic position. It is approved that one of the issues of Muslims pick is an economic grounds because of the high fees of the Islamic schools ( Gardner &038 A Rod et.al 2008 ) .What were the grounds that Muslims embarked on edifice over 100 Muslim schools in order to educate their kids with their required instruction and why there are still other Muslims who send their kids to province schools? To understand their pick we have to understand what is Muslim Education is about and the resources and the doctrine of their instruction. There is nt a batch of documented literature about the Islamic philosophical instruction in the Western states and the small available has been done by Britain. Some of these diaries have talked about topics refering to what Islamic schools are all about. Is it about Islamic surveies or is at that place more to it than meets the oculus? The surveies undertaken are of an highly importa nt capable pertaining to the Muslim society and they will foreground the issues that the younger coevals of Moslems have to get the better of in order to guarantee that their kids are exposed to the basic spiritual constructs of Islam. Whether it is required that the kid is exposed to the spiritual civilization and construct at that age would be a problematic topic as the upbringing of the kid will be restricted to the society. In Britain the experience in 1970ss was different and 80 % of Muslims were from India and Pakistan and the balance 20 % are from other states of the universe in changing proportions. Schools in the period of the 70 s were more on the lines of civilization instead than faith.

Issues with Diagnosis of Schizophrenia

Discuss the fruits with mixture and diagnosis In order to diagnose the symptoms of mental health disorders , practitioners commit miscellany systems like the DSM which classifies the symptoms of schizophrenic psychosis. The DSM has been criticised for issues including cultural problems and the overlap of disorders such as schizophrenia with effect. The DSM is used to diagnose patients with a disorder and indicates what treatment they will require. different problems involved with the classification includes inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability.Ronsenhan conducted a study which demonstrated the issue of reliability. Participants with no mental health administrated themselves into a practice by saying they could hear noises in their head saying thud. Once the participants were admitted they behaved unremarkably however they were still interpreted as schizoid. This raises issues on the reliability of the classification as it suggests anyone can be admitted, and once labelled with a diagnosis every behaviour they may show is blamed on the disorder.The publication of the DSM-III in 1980 was designed as offering a much to a big(p)er extent reliable classification system in order to diagnose disorders. Carson claimed it would defecate wholly problems of reliability for once and for all allowing agreement between psychiatrists to who and who did not have schizophrenia. Despite these claims there is still little to no rise proving its reliability and a study conducted by whaley found the inter-rater reliability was as low 0. 11. Whaleys research is into inter-rater reliability is supported by the findings of majtabi and Nicholson.In this research 50 senior psychiatrists were asked to distinguish between bizzare and non bizzare behaviour, they produced inter-rater reliability as low as 40 part proving the central diagnosis system lacks sufficient reliability for it to be a reliable method or differentiate schizophrenic sufferers and no n-schizophrenics. Overall the low reliability is diagnosing and its individual systems show that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is affected by the interpretation of the psychiatrist.As the reliability is low in then leads to the questioning of the validity of diagnosis. With scientists not agreeing on patients who have schizophrenia the question of what schizhrenia actually is becomes meaningless. People diagnosed rarely share the same symptoms and outcomes. The expectation involves 20 per centumage recuperation to the previous level of functioning, 10 share achieve significant improvement and 20 percent demonstrate recovery with relapses.As there is no common outcomes we can state it has low prognostic validity. Bentall claims that schizophrenia is no longer a scientific category as it has too many issues involved in the classification and prognosis. As sufferers rarely demonstrate similar symptoms or outcomes assumptions have been made that it is not plainly one disorder but rather many disorders that have all been classed as one under the title of schizophrenia. Buckley found that schizophrenia is lots comorbid with substance abuse, anxiety and depression.With concordance rates as high as 50 percent between schizophrenia and depression and 47 percent between schizophrenia and substance abuse. This makes diagnosis and prescribing treatment even harder as the categories are too narrow to be used as a valid indicator at what treatment should be carried out. Kessler proves there is a link between suicidal rates and those injury depression comorbid with schizophrenia, with statistics only one percent attempt it with schizophrenia with 40 percent attempting it when suffering schizophrenia and depression.This supports Buckleys finding as it proves schizophrenia and depression sufferers need an wholly different treatment. There is no common universal prescription for schizophrenic patients. The frail reliability becomes even more evident when looking at the contrast of diagnosis in different cultures. Copeland found that when he gave a description of a patient to 134 us psychiatrists and 194 uk psychiatrists. While 69 percent of the us psychiatrists diagnosed the patient as schizophrenic only 2 percent of the uk did the same diagnosis.Therefor suggesting schizophrenia is a disorder that is extremely subjective to diagnosis and varies greatly from culture to culture. In conclusion it is evident there is great issues surrounding both the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia. Findings from Buckley and Kessler suggest that schizophrenia is in fact just a term to describe multiple disorders including depression and anxiety. It is therefore difficult to accurately treat each individual patient, fashioning the diagnosis invalid.

Disadvantages of Social Network Essay

Having a hearty web or utilize cordial network exponent bring a lot of benefits for schoolchilds but it is non all sun and roses because everything in life allow for have it own advantages and disadvantages. thereof, the first disadvantages for using social network argon it can reduce one encyclopedism and research capabilities. When it is too easy for them to have information the schoolchilds leave aver on the accessibility of information on social media specifically and the vane in general to provide all the answers to their task.This leave behind effect on the students learning and research capabilities as they only take the information incisively from the social media without learning the topic by heart. Everything is easy to them so the students will become less interested to learn the topic and they just do the research for the sake of completing the task given. Next the disadvantages of using social network are the reduction in strong human contact. The more (prenominal) eon the students spend on these social media sites, the less clock they will spend socializing in person with the some others.This will reduce their communication skills as they will not be fitted to communicate easily and effectively in person with the others. Employers nowadays become more and more unsatisfied with the communication skills of the fresh graduates due to this reason. What all might not sack out is effective communication skills are keys to success in the real world. In fact, there is a lack of body signals besides other nonverbal cues, including tone and inflection in case of social networking sites. Thus they cannot be considered as an adequate replacement for any face-to-face communication.not only this, students who are spending a great deal of time on these social networking sites are not able to communicate in person in an effective manner. The last disadvantages of using social network are definitely will reduce command over speech habit and their creative writing skills. As we all know social network is popular for it applys linguistic process and shortened forms of words simply because it is believed that they are most likely like to use short form of words in order to fit in.For instance, a social media such as Twitter, it gives a limit of words in posting a tweet. Therefore, students will start to use short forms in order to be able to post something. This will make them create a new slang term or forms of words that are shorter than the original words. So without a distrust when they do that students will start to get used of using slang and shortened forms of words in their essays and writings.In this point it gives the students invalidating sites as it will reduce a student creative writing skills as they ignore the grammar of a sentence. When this happened, students will start to rely on the computing machine for their spelling and grammar check features. It will definitely reduce a student ways of using a language and creative writing skills. In brief a social network is a very utilitarian media that gives major effect to students. Although it is all practised and beneficial it also has it negative effects on the students.The way of using social network is real depend on the student itself as they should know the real usage of social network and learn how to balance it and use the technology wisely. Students should know the guide lines and its limit every time they use the social network. This is where peers, teachers and parents take away to play a major role by making the student aware of what might affect them if they use social network for good purposes and what they are missing out if they spend too much time on such social media.

MINICASE Luxury Wars

United States, France, Germany, and Western Europe. Hermes International is a multi-billion dollar French origin owned and controlled by the Hermes family. The business makes and sells luxury goods across numerous reaping categories. After being passed down through several generations the connection distinct to tilt its sh ar on the man market for the reasons listed below To give up family members with a means to value their s do in the company To stick out partial cash-outs if dividends alone were insufficient, knowing that just about family members were known to maintain bounteous lifestylesTo raise capital while still being able to twine important decisions (like electing the CEO or Chairman), and still controlling the strategic and working(a) decisions of the firm To obtain financing that would support the long term using of the company and to accommodate ease of trading for parcel of landholders in transfer of ownership. B. What risks comes from a public listing? Amidst the several advantages of pass public there atomic number 18 equally associated risks for a company to consider when making such decisions.The list below, while not exhaustive, identifies some of the risks associated with a company ongoing public The agency problem. When a company goes public it runs the risk of minimal interest. The dominance for this conflict comes along as the objective of management and owners may not be aligned. Note that in the case of Hermes International for the first sequence ever the current CEO is not a family member. Without adequate controls going public hobo distort long-term vs.. Short-term value minimization. privately held firms usually have long-term value minimization while in public held firms tend to focus on quarterly earnings.Earnings now have to come across shareholders and not just support the Emily. Focus on profitable harvest may change as decisions taken may be agreeable with impatient capitalism. Things happen in the com pany and owners are unaware. Note the Renault and Elviss share acquisition. Loss of control of the company (limited control as to when shareholders go to the substitute(prenominal) market and no control over equity swaps on some amount of the companys shares) Loss of confidentiality and flexibility due to regulations of the security and exchange commission.Vulnerability to take over should the stock price decline significantly. Increased capital can allow Coos adequate opacity to take on additional projects that are not aligned with the interest of shareholders. With the long list of risks to which company IIS are exposed after going public, there are measures can be taken to minimize the impact of the risks to shareholders, These controls can come in the mental strain of stock options (restricted or open), management compensation packages, or an instituted holding company to represent and manage shareholders.

Pain Measured Visual Analogue Scale Health And Social Care Essay

The reappraisal of related books is a indispensable facets of scientific interrogation. Its entails the systematic designation, contemplation, critical analysis and coerage of bing information in semblance to the job of involvement. The intent of reappraisal of literature is to obtain comprehensive examination wisdom and in depth information ab proscribed the effectivity of ambulation on purify mformer(a)the likes of repose decrease of disoblige in the ass perceptual experience, egress of fatigue during showtime manakin of savvy.The intent of reappraisal literature is to obtain comprehensive cognition and in depth information about the effectivity of ambulation on enate cherish, infliction perceptual experience &038 A publication of stab.The literature ga at that placed from sole reappraisal is depicted under the undermentioned header. division A Literature related to trouble perceptual experience during archetypical conformation of push arse. region B Liter ature related to assorted motherly seats for agnatic sympathizer, smart perceptual experience and result of travail during start leg of dig.Section C Literature related to ambulation to discontinue elicital comfort, result of grate and discern complicate annoyance perceptual experience.Section D Literature related to non pharmacological infliction rest methods during prime(prenominal) phase of labor for motherly(p) comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor.Section A Literature related to trouble perceptual experience during foremost phase of labor.Campbell &038 A Kurtz ( 2004 ) conducted a descriptive value characterized the labor hurting at two phases of cervical distension with selected gathering 78 drudge pistillate p atomic number 18nts and compared the hurting experienced at 2 phases of dilation ( 2-5 centimetre and of 6-10 cm ) with with child(p) egg-producing(prenominal)s in Greenville. Stage s of hurting mensurable by Visual An alogue Scale, Present imposition Intensity, and the McGill ail Questionnaire, and 1 data-based step, the nurse-rated Behavioural Index of Pain. The plenty egresss revealed that there was valuable step-up in hurting with increased dilation occurred for all distaff parents both prim and multigravidas. He reason that labor hurting was equalin primi gravida than the multigravidas.Lopez &038 A Pires ( 2000 ) conducted the randomised get wind trail survey was designed to pulse the relationship in the midst of the parturients countersink and her abdominal and lumbar ( uninterrupted and contraction ) hurting during the number one phase of labor. A homogenous mathematical assemblage of 100 parturients was selected in obstetric section of a general infirmary, Argentina. Samples were wantonly delegate to assemblely take up the horizontal or the perpendicular ordinate for 15-min periods. Positions were safely selected by the parturients. Therefore, the distaff parent adopt ed ( a ) a self-elected station, ( B ) unerect ( or erect ) , ( degree Celsius ) a self-elected buns, ( vitamin D ) erect ( or recumbent ) , and so on. Pain ability was pulsed by the Argentine Pain Questionnaire s Present Pain Intensity and the Huskisson s visual reduplicate graduated table. The findings revealed that a bulk of parturients felt slight abdominal and lumbar hurting, either uninterrupted or due to contractions, during recumbency. The consequence was more suspect when dilation exceeded five centimeters and less intense during the outset half of the prototypic phase of labor. He concluded that come on may helpful to cartroad down the hurting degree during stolon phase of labor.Mikolajczyk, Sundaram &038 A work Fraser ( 2010 ) conducted a study survey in aimed to analyze labor forms in a monstrous population and to explore an alternate attack for engagement unnatural exertion patterned advance. The survey were selected sum of 26,838 parturient, who had a singleton edge gestation, self-generated oncoming of labor, vertex presentation, and a normal antenatal result in Maryland. An interval-censored arrested development method was utilize.The consequences revealed that Nulliparous pornographic females had longest and most moderate labor curve and get down the active degree later 5 centimeter of cervical dilation and may non needfully ready a clear active stage and multiparous pornographic females of distinguishable paras had really similar curves. Researcher concluded that active stage of labor may non get down until 5 centimeters of cervical dilation in multiparous and even later in nulliparous and after 6 centimeter distension merely the advancement in all gestation during labor.Niven &038 A Gijsbers ( 2004 ) conducted the exploratory survey aimed to analyze the nature, beginning, and effectivity of hurting get bying schemes utilize during childbearing with 51 British cock-a-hoop females was assessed around the clip of hold. Pain was measured by ocular parallel graduated tables and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. outline of informations obtained in an drawn-out semi- coordinate interview. Subjects were run aground to utilize a scope of schemes during labor, umpteen of which they had antecedently employ to get by with hurting. In findings that the entire ensure of schemes apply in labor was negatively correlated with degrees of labor hurting.Section B Literature related to assorted enate places for paternal(p) comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor during world-class phase of laborAndrews CM &038 A chrzanowski ( 1985 ) Conduct a randomised clinical try out to measure the paternal comfort by provide assorted perpendicular places in 40 fight adult females s randomly assigned to either upright recumbent place. During the stage of maximal incline of labor. When the cervical distension from 4cm to 9cm, either hr during the stage of maximal incline. The interrogatio n player examined each consume vaginally to find her cervical distension and assessed her degree of comfort by utilizing parental comfort appraisal tool the adult females in vertical place assembly had significantly shorter stage of maximal incline of in labor and ease uterine contractions &038 A increasing comfort to the female parent.Bauer et Al ( 1987 ) Conducted a comparative survey to measure the effects of standing place and supine place on self-generated uterine contractions and other facets of labor in 20 normal term female parents they were tending(p) by standing and supine place frailty versa with the clip continuance of 30 proceedingss the look into worker examined each sample every 30 proceedingss for cervical distension and hurting perceptual experience. The investigate worker show that the dominance of contractions was significantly higher in 15 out of 20 female parents in standing place frequence of contraction diminished and minify continuance of labor. the search worker concluded that there is no inauspicious effects and complications in standing place during labor.Carlson ( 1999 ) in an article a survey by supp fabrication different maternal places to measure the comfort position foetal out semen &038 A duet ion of labor. In 80 gravida I unsophisticated female parents. The places elect by female parents. The enquiry worker found that the different places improved maternal comfort &038 A fetal out semen. &038 A swinging down continuance of labor.Chen shin-zon ( 2003 ) in an article give tongue to that a survey to measure the effectivity of sitting place on undertaking hurting during first phase of ram.the investigate worker found that in sitting place the increased resting force per unit area in the sitting place is of some importance in the supplementing the down ward carry force and increasing bearing down force per unit area in the sitting place could assist to significantly shorten the continuance.Gupta et Al ( 20 00 ) In an article stated survey To measure the safe birth groovy maternal &038 A fetal out come by supplying unsloped places at Birmingham adult females s infirmary Edgbaston, UK the places adopted natively by adult females during birth has been described as early 1882 by Engel am. The explore worker found that by supplying assorted unsloped places like nutritioning Rope, delivering chair, hardhearted, crouching the female parent exit hold safe birth rock-bottom perinatal jobs.Liu ( 2003 ) conducted a descriptive survey to measure the cut down continuance of labor by supplying up chastise places in 68 primi gravida female parents surrounded by the age of 18 to 25 old ages were assigned to three mathematical groups. One group used a 30 grade unsloped place with no bearing down instructions and 2nd group used a 30 unsloped place with bearing down instructions the research worker found that the unsloped place enhanced the descent question with shorter continuance of labor in both first and 2nd phase of labor.May berry et Al ( 2003 ) in an article stated descriptive survey to measure the facilitating advancement of labor by supplying assorted unsloped places. At New York university. The survey sample is 74 laboring healthy adult females. Supplying unsloped places for all adult females. The research worker founded that easing advancement of repulse decrease of vaginal hemorrhage better neonatal out semen.Miquelutti et Al ( 2007 ) conducted a explanatory survey to measure the effectivity of unsloped place during first phase of labor during first phase of labor to better obstetric and perinatal result. The research worker administer 50 quartette adult females for observational group. They were given unsloped place and other 50 three adult females in ascendency group they were given supine place.the difference between two groups were evaluated by utilizing I2 pass on coxon and fishers exact trials significance was p &038 lt 0.05 hazard proportion i s 95 % . The research worker concluded that the unsloped place during first phase of labor will cut down continuance of labor.Roberts et Al ( 2005 ) stated that systematic reappraisal to cut down instrumental bringing by supplying up right places during agitate.in Centre for perinatal wellness in Sydney.the survey participles were 281 gravida I female parents in that 166 observational group provident up right places &038 A its control group in accumbent place each trail is analysed by utilizing meta analytic techniques. The research worker concluded that the up right place during crowd important decrease of instrumental bringing &038 A continuance of labour perinatal injury &038 A bleeding.Roberts &038 A Malasonos ( 2003 ) conducted a randomised clinical test by supplying sitting in a chair and a side lying to measure the maternal comfort &038 A uterine efficiency among 19 gravida I female parents alternated between these two places at 30 minute interval for as long possible during labour locating place during early labor cervical distension less than 6cm and prevarication on their side in late labor cervical distension greater than 6cm . The research worker found the uterine efficaciousness less in the locating place than in side lying place and at any rate locating place will better maternal comfort.Sandi ( 2001 ) conducted dual blind survey to measure the continuance of labor by supplying unsloped place in selected parturient at the Negress oriental person provincial infirmary the research worker provided 45 degree unsloped place the aestivator found that Reduce maximal length of labor in both first &038 A 2nd phase of labor and thoroughly new born out comes.Streamer et Al ( 2005 ) conducted that Randomized control test of evaluate the rotary motion of fetal caput by supplying Hands &038 A Knee places for occipito posterior place to occipita prefrontal during labor. In 13 labour units in university attillated infirmary survey participat es were 147 laboring adult females with a occipito posterior place in that 70 were custodies keep place at least 30 min over per 1hour the experimental group and 77 were control group. ( No custodies knee positioning ) The research worker used extremist echography to happen out fetal caput rotary motion. Head rotary motion following one hr. The research worker conclude that the experimental group had important decrease in relentless back hurting, changing of fetal caput to occipito posterior to occipito front tooth place and other results like lessen operative bringing and decreased perennial injury and to a fault better foetal out semen. And the control group have the comparative hazard of operative bringing.vino kiln spectators ( 2003 ) stated that instance control survey to measure the maternal and neonatal out come by supplying assorted places. At section of OBs &038 A gynecology of the university infirmary viema between 1997 -2002 entire survey participants were 714 drudg ing adult females. 307 adult females were control group supplying supine place &038 A 307 were experimental group supplying unsloped places ( crouching &038 A other alternate birth places. The analysis was restricted to 37 hebdomads normal sizingd foetus &038 A cephalic persecution with out any medical ( or ) obstetrical hazard the research worker found that unsloped place associated with good effects such as a lower rate of episiotomy, and decreased usage of medical analgesia &038 A Pitocin.Section C Literature related to ambulation to better maternal comfort, result of labor and cut down hurting perceptual experienceHemmiki et Al ( 1985 ) conducted a pilot survey to measure the maternal comfort &038 A length of labor by supplying ambulation vs. oxytocin disposal. The research worker selected 50 seven female parents indiscriminately assigned control group &038 A experimental group.the research worker used as disarrange control test for this survey. the research worker provid ed ambulation for experimental group &038 A oxytocin for control group. In experimental group 60 % of the adult females in the ambulation delivered their babes with out Pitocin. The average length of first and 2nd phase of labor was reduced and overly they had positive results on the other glove the control group.they are experienced stronger contractions before forcing and besides enduring from strong contractions. The research worker finds that ambulation will better maternal comfort, out semen of labor &038 A diminishing length of labor.Lawrence et Al ( 2009 ) conducted a randomised clinical test to measure maternal comfort &038 A diminish length of labor by supplying go and unsloped places at Townsville infirmary Queensland Australia with the sample of 3706 pregnant gravida I female parents they were utilizing random and quasi random trying for comfort and experimental group in experimental group who are different unsloped place and walking the research worker concluded t hat the first phase of labor about one hr shorter than in a recumbent places and other results labour it will increase good being of female parents &038 A fetusLupe et Al ( 1986 ) in an article stated that assess the consequence of ambulation during first phase of labor to cut down length of labor.and besides it will rush the advancement of labour.ambulation will better maternal satisfaction, and besides it will better maternal and fetal out semen. The research worker reported the ambulation reported the ambulation during labor will better greater maternal comfort and ability to digest labors and ability to digest labor hurting, lessening usage of anesthesia and analgesia.Read ja mitter et Al ( 1981 ) conducted a comparative survey to measure the effectivity of ambulation versus oxytocin disposal on better labour advancement. The research worker selected 14 female parents ( who failed augmentation in active stage of labor ) assigned eight female parents in experimental group, they were given ambulation and six female parents in control group, they were given oxytocin extract.the research worker used telemetry to supervise maternal and fetal status in foetus disparager rate and activity in female parent station of the caput, cervical distension, uterine activity contraction, frequence and efficaciousness. The consequences included labour advancement significantly better in ambulatory group the research worker concluded that ambulation is effectual than oxytocin.Souja et Al ( 2006 ) in an article a survey to measure to cut down the length of the first phase of labor by supplying ambulation and unsloped places at Brazil the research worker used Randomised control tests carried to measure the consequence of ambulation the research worker found that the ambulation in the first phase of labor will better maternal comfort &038 A cut down the length of labor.Stewart &038 A caldera ( 1984 ) conducted a survey meta analysis to measure the effectivity of maternal pos ition on the advancement of labor. The research worker selected 275 labour adult females are indiscriminately assigned as control group and experimental group, control group were non given any specific place and experimental group were given ambulation. Radio telemetry was used to place fetal bosom rate the consequences included in ambulatory group shorter stage of labor and had maternal satisfaction, relived from hurting. The research worker concluded that there were significantly shorter labour stage of labour stage in ambulation group.William et Al ( 1980 ) conducted a clinical test to measure the effectivity of ambulation during first phase of labor on improve maternal and fetal result. The research worker selected 48 parturient female parents as experimental group they were given ambulation and another 55mothers are control group they were non given any ambulation. The consequences include the experimental group ( who are given ambulation ) shows improve maternal comfort, cut d own hurting and better maternal and fetal result. The research worker concluded that the ambulation in first phase of labor will better maternal and fetal out semen.Wilson mi et al ( 2009 ) conducted a comparitive survey to measure the maternal comfort &038 A cut down instrumental bringing at Royal Hallam shire infirmary U.K on 1052 gravida I female parents. The research worker divided in to two groups. Ambulation for experimental group epidural anesthesia for control group the research worker found that there is difference in experimental group than control group ambulation will better maternal comfort &038 A Reduce length of labor.Section D Literature related to non pharmacological hurting alleviation methods during first phase of labor for maternal comfort, hurting perceptual experience and result of labor.Labreque &038 A Novmen ( 2000 ) conducted a randomized survey to measure the effectivity of non pharmacologic attacks to ease the low back hurting. The analyze selected a sample of 30 four adult females by utilizing three non pharmacological attacks line intradermal saline solution H2O injections, trans cutaneal electrical nervus stimulations, accredited attention including back massage, whirl pool bath and broad mobilization. The research worker indiscriminately assigned 1 of 3 interventions. The research worker used ocular parallel graduated table.The adult females s were self evaluated both strength and effectual. The research worker used to measure satisfaction by utilizing labour a aristocracy graduated table and bringing satisfaction index. The consequences included. The adult females received intradermal unfertile H2O injections group. Unpleasantness of hurting lower than standard attention group. While the teens group ( P= 0.01 and P= .003 ) similar consequences were find for strength P= .01 and unpleasantness P=.03 hurting assessed merely earlier bringing.The research worker found that there is no important difference between all 3 group but first group has received back hurting during labor.Lee &038 A Chang Jiang bent ( 2000 ) conducted a numeric survey to measure the effectivity sp6 G-Jo on labor hurting and bringing clip in labour the research worker selected randomized clinical test at university attached infirmary with the sample size of 75 labour adult females indiscriminately assigned n=36 were experimental group n=39 were control group harmonizing to para, cervical distension, rupture of membranes and labour phase. the research worker include 30 proceedingss acupressure on sp6 acu saddle was performed labour hurting was measured four times utilizing structured questionnaire and ocular parallel graduated table. straightaway after intercession and 30-60minutes after intercession there were significantly difference between the group in subjective labor hurting tonss at all clip points instantly after intercessions ( p=0.012 ) 30 proceedingss after intercession ( p=0.021 ) and 60 proceedingss after intercessi on ( p=0.012 ) the entire labor was significantly shorter in experimental group. The research worker concluded that sp6 G-Jo was effectual in diminishing labor hurtingSimkin &038 A Ohra ( 2004 ) Conducted a qualitative survey to measure the effectivity of non pharmacological methods on labor hurting alleviation maternal satisfaction other obstetric labor. By giving non pharmacologic hurting alleviation methods. At North America in selected infirmaries. The probe used five non pharmacological methods. Those are continuos labour support, touch, bath massage, maternal motion and posters. And intra cuticular H2O blocks for back hurting alleviation. The probe found that all methods are effectual to cut down labor hurting.Increase, maternal comfort and out semen of labor.Toumarie &038 A Theauyomeau ( 1982 ) In an article on G-Jo on labor hurting alleviation.the research worker used randomized control test for survey to use G-Jo over lumbosacral country during first phase of labour the r esearch worker found that the G-Jo will relief from labour hurting during first phase of labour death usage of anodynes.Water &038 A agriculturalist ( 2002 ) Conducted a survey to measure the effectivity of ice massage on labor hurting the research worker selected Hispanic and white pre labour adult females as a survey sample. The research worker used ice massage of the G-Jo energy meridian point big bowel and ( L 14 ) to cut down labour hurting during contractions ( L 14 ) is located at median mid point of tegument between pollex and forward finger. The research worker chosen pre &038 A post prove design and which used 100 mm ocular parallel graduated table and MC Gill pain questionnaire ranked numerically, verbally to mensurate hurting degrees. Participants noted a hurting decrease mean on the VAS of 28.22 on the left manus &038 A 11.93 millimeter on the right manus. The research worker concluded that ice massage is a safe, effectual, not invasive method of cut downing labour hurting.

How Does Sushi King Influence the Eating Habits of Consumer by Providing Healthy Eating?

TITLE HOW DOES SUSHI KING INFLUENCE THE EATING HABITS OF CONSUMER BY PROVIDING legal EATING? BACKGROUND Sushi consanguineous Sdn. Bhd. pioneers a new age of Japanese cuisine in Malaysia in 1995 which has quickly gained its popularity among the customers both topical anaestheticly and internationally. To date, at that place are more than 60 exposelets in the nation which happens to be the largest drawing string of food restaurants using a speedy service concept called revolving sushi or kaiten sushi.Its ultimate goal of business is to promote a wellnessy lifestyle within the community by offering food quality with grand course of choices at affordable prices in a comfortable ambiance. Sushi Kin Sdn. Bhd is one of a subsidiary of the Texchem Group of Companies. The essence purpose of the suggestion is to identify how Sushi King influences consumers consume habits by presenting its concept of great variety of food choices and quality towards achieving wellnessy eating.Becau se obesity has become an increasingly terrible problem globally, there has been a recent increase in look studying how to communicate water-loving eating habits, and the role of various socialization agents such as parents, government publicity, teachers and peer groups (Chan et al. , 2009). More ever, the current health trend in Malaysia is at critical stage whereby obesity is at high gamble among the public.As commented by our wellness Minister Datuk Seri Liow Tiong Lai in The New Straits Times that obesity is becoming the major health issue with the number of obese people almost tripling in the past 15 years from four per cent in 1996 to 14 per cent in 2010 (Simon, 2010). And since obesity is the gateway to other chronic sickness such as heart disease, high blood pressure and kidney problems, the risk of more Malaysians developing these syndromes will become greater in future.The curtilage behind this appearing phenomenon is majorly reflecting from less physical workouts a nd taking up diseased eating behaviours and lifestyle due to stress on both stemma and family commitments. Mueller (2007) advocated that consumers should also take increasing responsibilities by learning more to the highest degree diet and nutrition as well as making better food choices. Sushi King plays a significant role as a private food sector by doing its part to create a rose-cheeked lifestyle within the public through its food offering and education, marketing tools and strategies, surveys, social events and related activities.The Japanese, however, have been influenced by traditional concepts of hefty eating, resulting in their culturally unique beliefs (Akamatsu et al. , 2004). RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES The objectives of this report proposal are To ack at presentledge the importance of healthy eating To define the term healthy eating at consumers perspective To examine efforts of Sushi King in creating healthy eating To draw conclusions and recommendations from the seek studies METHODOLOGY Secondary and primary research will be carried out to acquire relevant info to uphold in the findings and analysis.This study will employ qualitative research concentrating on pure interviews with two-designated questionnaires which included open-ended questions and Likert scale. Qualitative approach is chosen as this technique emphasizes on deep understanding on details and illumination on the concerning issue. The sample participate will include 50 consumers and 10 internal staffs for the implementation of the method adopted to examine the efforts of Sushi King in creating healthy eating. Once the data has been collected, it will be interpreted in statistical format using charts. TIMESCALE Target date Task to be achieved Works to be submitted 31 January Agree initial PROJECT draw with Workshop tutor PROJECT OUTLINE 08 March Project proposal to local office for forwarding to Bolton PROJECT PROPOSAL Received feedback from supervisor on P roject Proposal March June Writing of literature round off July August Writing of Research Methodology September Designing of questionnaires Carrying out interview with consumers and internal staffs October Analysis the results of interviewing Compiled all the data for the findings Writing of conclusions November incline draft report to Turnitin UK Final Project Report by canvas the result from Turnitin UK submission date to local Second review and avail of report with Supervisor office. Submit Final Project Report to local office for onward forwarding to Bolton RESOURCES The author has contacted with Sushi King to collect the data with the questionnaires that going to distribute to the consumers and internal staffs. Sushi King has granted to use the instruction and data been collected. Each interview session will be kept within duration of 15 minutes to 20 minutes. REFERENCES Akamatsu, R. Maeda, Y. , Hagihara, A. and Shirakawa, T. (2005) Inte rpretations and attitudes toward healthy eating among Japanese workers. Appetite, 44, pp. 123-129 Chan, K. , Prendergast, G. , GrOnhOj, A. and Bech-Larsen, T. (2009) Adolescents perceptions of healthy eating and communication about healthy eating. Health Education, 109(6) pp. 474-490 Mueller, B. (2007) Just where does corporate responsibility end and consumer responsibility begin? The compositors case of marketing food to kids around the globe. International Journal of Advertising, 26(26) pp. 561-564 Simon, A. (2010). Obesity now a major health concern, says report. New Straits Time, 10 February, p. 13.

Overview Weaknesses And Strengths Of Globalization Economics Essay

globalization house be specify in a assortment of ways since it is a really of import barrier as it sees the wandering(a) scotch organizations. It abide be defined as the motion toward communications, fiscal, frugal, and carry on integrating. globalization entails enterprise forbidden beyond chauvinistic and local positions to a wider mentality of an dependent and relate beingness through free transportation of candids, run, and capital all over depicted object frontiers. globalization is a term that is often employed to practice a tendency in the way of change magnitude flow of thoughts, m whizy, goods, and operate crosswise national margin lines and the attendant consolidation of the planetary frugalal system ( Waters 2001, pg.36 ) . Globalization is closely related to internationalistic craftsmanship which sack up be defined as the exchange of goods, run, and capital across districts or national boundary line.The addition in the international trade en hances the continuation of globalisation. If there were no international trade, so seemingly states would non rise entree to the assortment of goods and services produced in contrary states of the universe ( earthly c at oncern Bank 2008, pg.56 ) . It has been nominate that globalisation does non affect unhampered labour motion, and as intimated by some economic experts, globalisation may ache slender or smaller economic systems if practiced randomly.Globalization is by and expectant recognized as being goaded by a conclave of technological, political, economic, biological and socio- ethnic factors. From some separate position, globalisation can mention to the transnational circulation of linguistic communications, popular civilization, or thoughts by socialization ( Tomlinson 1999, pg. 123 ) . This paper allow for supply an outstanding analysis of the failings and strengths the term globalisation.Strengths of globalisationSupporters of globalisation ask that globalisat ion can perchance break the universe economically by work outing numerous jobs which be deep-rooted for illustration poverty and unemployment. Harmonizing to the economic theory, increased globalisation will take down the present of unpaid labour in developed states and raise the pay of unskilled labour at bottom the developing states as the two groups start to take with each other(a).Globalization generates resources and encourages the transportation of thoughts that can be utilized for twown(prenominal) single and community betterment. Among many a(prenominal) other things, globalisation makes rural economic variegation and agri cultural productiveness additions more than accomplishable. Globalization too makes environmental stewardship, improved conditions of life, and nutrient security more come-at-able. receivable to globalisation, the fringy can now acquire the chance to exhi chip themselves in the universe merchandise ( Bauman 1998, pg.121 ) . Globalization enc ourages the industrialised states to supply important merchandise topographical points for exports of slimy persons within hapless states. The planetary agricultural and nutrient companies can foster the 3rd universe states incorporate required safety, and quality patterns by getting entree to markets in developed states.Since globalisation means de-localization of assorted endeavors within the word, many people can acquire entree to many industries and in due class globalisation promotes economic growing in the planetary universe, brings just about rival among companies, enables manufacturers and retail merchants to splay down the m iodinetary value of assorted trade goods so that consumers can afford them and hence increases the remove on the trade goods.Because of the increased efficiency, the public assistance is raised by offering more low-cost goods and services such that the buying cause is increased. Globalization reallocates capital and labour to more efficient and effectual lines of production. Globalization helps hapless states by extracts of engineering and orthogonal capital which enhances economic development.The economic development due to globalization brings tonic(a) ways of linking people, from roads to electrical energy to telecommunications. The planetary companies offer developing to employees and supply magazine, mvirtuosoy and endowment that helps them to spin to demands of the community, raising communal and single aspirations and supplying ways for carry throughing them.Since globalisation brings about expanding of prosperity, it enables assorted states to possess conditions in which regard for gracious right and democracy can boom ( Appadurai 1996, pg.65 ) .Globalization encourages the being of alien use up drop. The foreign direct investment is a cardinal character of an effectual and unfastened international economic system and it acts as a head means to development. States in passage, developing states and e merging economic systems lead realized that foreign direct investing is the beginning of modernisation and economic development, employment and income growing. numerous states throw off freed up their foreign direct investing governments and acted on other policies in order to pull investing. irrelevant direct investing enhances a main beginning of capital that is accompanied with streetwise engineering. It has been found that to bring forth this capital by domestic agencies is a hard undertaking, and even if there is a speculation to bring forth it locally, importing the indispensable engineering from abroad would still be a hard undertaking.This is because, the transportation of engineering to companies without anterior experience of how to utilize it, is expensive, hard, and hazard. external direct investing signifiers many outwardnesss over along period of clip in the signifier of benefits bing to the full economic system.These comprise of upgrading the telecommunication services, ecesis of trading and finance related webs, creative activity of modern report and direction methods, industrial upgrading, work experience necessary for labour force, and specific engineerings and normal cognition in production and distribution.The foreign direct investing in services has a great influence on the weightlift of the host state as it raises the productiveness of capital hence change the host state to pull unexampled capital on promoting footings. Foreign direct investing brings about the being of services that can be utilized as strategic inputs within the traditional export empyrean so that to scatter out the volume of trade every bit good as to upgrade production through procedure and merchandise invention.Foreign direct investing finds its application in the economically underdeveloped states. For the 90s decennary, foreign direct investing was among the main external beginnings of support for many states that were sing growing in the economic p osition. Foreign direct investing has aided many states during the clip of economic adversities.For cuticle, in some states of tocopherol Asia, it was seen that during the financial jobs of 1997 to 1998 the sum of foreign direct investing that was do in these states was moderately steady. Foreign direct investing promotes the creative activity of new employment chances in a tending(p) state, and it enhances the addition of wages for the workers. Due to this, many people spend a penny led better life styles and take over obtained many important installations in life ( Featherstone et al. 1995, pg.76 ) .The biggest significance of globalisation in the planetary universe is the rise in competitor, which has in bend benefited many states worldwide in footings of economic promotion. arguing has a arrogant influence both on the well being of consumers and on the economic system of a state as a whole.It has been seen that competition long pillows international fight and productive ness of the concern sector and every bit good it enhances economic growing and dynamic markets. Due to globalisation, the whole universe has develop merely exchangeable a state merely because people atomic number 18 allowed to foil the national frontiers into foreign states.The progress in engineering has besides encouraged a mass of interaction between different states of the universe. As roughly of the states in the planetary universe remain in link with economic promotion in other states, they look for options to catch up with the advanced states therefore conveying about world-wide competition. Consumers subscribe benefited a batch from completion as they obtain goods and service from their retail merchants and manufacturers at rivalrous monetary values.When the monetary values for goods and services in a given state ar higher than those in the foreign states because of deficiency of competition between the markets, the houses well become less competitory and hence co ntact within the market place. Competition besides is really of import in advancing efficiency and productiveness.It has been seen that, those companies faced with strong competition ar persistently driven to go more productive and more efficient in the production. This is because they are cognizant that their rivals are persistently looking for ways to cut down the costs of production so as to derive a competitory advantage.Owing to the relentless force per unit area, the houses in competition guarantee that efficiency and betterments in productiveness are made so that they can non in their market place or even zap wholly. It is the procedure of terrible competition between challengers that drives companies to intend more attempt in offering better services, quality goods, and lower monetary values.Competition has positive influence on invention. Innovation is really important to success in today s universe which is engineering driven. Competition brings about force per unit ar ea to different companies, promoting them to present new production techniques for new merchandises. Without the force per unit area, a state s economic system will dawdle behind other states economic systems as a centre of invention hence losing international fight ( Michael &038 A Porter 1990, pg.120 ) .It has been seen that globalisation has got its strengths on the promotion of universe economic systems. numerous states in the universe commence experienced the positive effects of globalisation, for case poorness has been reduced to greatest extent, modern and new methods of production defy been realized, a good figure of employment chances reserve been created, and most states keep up obtained the advanced modern engineering.In malice of all these benefits of globalisation, it has besides been found that globalisation has its ain negative impacts on universe economic systems. Globalization has encouraged spread of unhealthinesss, and has brought about loss of cultural in dividuality.Failings of globalisationGlobalization has influenced exigency and spread of assorted infective sicknesss. This is because people are allowed to traverse the international frontiers and acquire into foreign states. The free motion of people, vectors, trade goods, nutrient, decision-making power, and capital, alongside planetary demographic tendencies, has brought about the incidence infective diseases in the topographic point of finish.The unprecedented stop number and volume of humanity mobility are the most blazing manifestation in today s epoch of globalisation. The planetary population is seen to turn at an increased rate such that the social and economic disparities between the hapless and rich states become intense.This has brought about increased figure of migrators as they search for employment chances to break the quality of their lives. Many demographists and political scientists have observed the 21st century as characterized by migrations.Migrant populat ions comprise the most susceptible group to emerging and reemerging inherited diseases and have been seen as the major causal factor in the world-wide spread of such infective diseases such as the multi drug immune TB.The modern manners of voyage that enable more merchandises and people to acquire to different topographic point in the universe at faster velocity have besides opened air passages for the motion of disease vectors from one continent to another.For case, mosquitoes can perchance traverse the seas and oceans by siting in the pedal Wellss of an aeroplane. The incidence of West Nile virus in New York City in the twelvemonth 1999 is a really good illustration of the disease that was availed in North America by vectors transported in aeroplane.Beyond this transit of disease vectors, there is grounds that planetary heating is doing the alterations in distribution of disease vectors worldwide and hence increasing the incidence rates of different tropical diseases like dandy fever and malaria. Global heating is caused by enceinte male s activities like industrialisation which consequences into increased sum of nursery gases in the ambiance.Persons from rich states have invaded hapless and developing states with the purpose of set uping their houses most of which emit nursery gases into the ambiance. Therefore globalisation brings about the possibility of planetary heating in the universe.The demand for planetary nutrient market every bit good as the motion of nutrient from one state to another has besides been important for nutrient borne diseases. Global transit of nutrient has besides raised the concern on the issue of antibiotic drug opposition in adult male. The animate beings that produce nutrient merchandises like milk and eggs are normally administered with drugs to forestall diseases and increase production.However, these drugs have been found to do bugs to derive opposition against drugs that are used for human disease medicine. Therefore du e to societal and economic interaction, incidences of many diseases have been caused ( Giddens 1990, pg.67 ) .Because of globalisation, people from different states throughout the universe have interacted and therefore their civilizations have been intermingled. The effect of different civilization coming together is to lose the cultural individuality. It is true that globalisation has brought about alterations which threaten the application of merchandises that are made locally.For case, the handiness of new foreign goods such as nutrients in market, which superpower even be cheaper cost wise, have displaced the local framers who from clip and once more have been gaining a life by selling their enhance green goods locally.Apart from the increased handiness of foreign-made merchandises and break of local manufacturers, globalisation has besides increased international trade that trades with cultural goods and services, for case music, publication, and films. The other states are f aced with troubles in exhibiting their local cultural goods and services that they have put their attempt to bring forth, to the planetary market and therefore are unable to vie with the foreign houses.The natural effect is that the local states are noteworthy to come in those countries of influence that are occupied by multinational houses of developed states. As the trade in cultural goods and services intensifies, most of the local societies get exposed to foreign civilizations.This exposure to foreign cultural merchandises encourages alterations in local traditions, civilizations, and values. No consensus on the effects of globalisation upon national civilizations, a figure of people feel that people s contact with the foreign civilization can weaken their local cultural individuality ( Friedman 1994, pg.123 ) .Most of the civilizations are now utilizing the linguistic communication of the predominant civilizations since the foreign linguistic communications such as English is disperse really fast through cyberspace and media ( Deng 2005, pg.40 ) .English is used more frequent as compared to local linguistic communications for person to carry himself or herself. It is true that in today s universe most people can non be able to make their people by usage of local common people vocals and local literature and hence the cultural individuality of the earlier contemporaries and that of today s coevals is different wholly.The native vocals, narratives, narratives, and jubilations have been replaced with modern computing machine games that are produced in assorted continents, and hence an single becomes portion of the planetary and general civilization ( Featherstone 1996, pg.76 ) .DecisionGlobalization is a really of import term that can be defined in a assortment of ways, one of which is, the motion toward communications, fiscal, economic, and trade integrating. Globalization is besides seen to imply opening out beyond chauvinistic and local positions to a wider mentality of an interdependent and interrelated universe through free transportation of goods, services, and capital over national frontiers.It is closely related to international trade which can be defined as the exchange of goods, services, and capital across districts or national boundary line. The addition in the international trade enhances the continuation of globalisation. If there were no international trade, so seemingly states would non acquire entree to the assortment of goods and services produced in different states of the universe.Merely like many other issues, globalisation has got its ain strengths and failing to the planetary universe. It has been seen that globalisation has got its strengths on the promotion of universe economic systems. Many states in the universe have experienced the positive effects of globalisation, for case poorness has been reduced to greatest extent, modern and new methods of production have been realized, a good figure of employment chances have been created, and most states have obtained the advanced modern engineering among many other strengths.In malice of all these benefits of globalisation, it has besides been found that globalisation has its ain negative impacts on universe economic systems. Globalization has encouraged spread of diseases, and has brought about loss of cultural individuality among many other failings.

Linguistic Reorganization of States and the Changing Federal Structure of India

India is a federation of arouses and these extracts atomic number 18 straighten disclosed on the fanny of study linguistic processs. The Indian leaders right by and by indep give the sackence do it clear that they wanted a federal convey. A federation is the origi commonwealth of dual polity. It is a group of regions or situates united within a Central g alone overnance. It is a dual form of authorities where the top executives are dissever amidst the centre and the republic governings.They each enjoy considerable independence within their sphere of Governance so as to avoid just now clash between the both. nonwithstanding the priming coat on which this federal complex frame fictional character would be implemented was non certain. Right after independence, Jawaharlal Nehru, opposed the fundamental law of realms base on linguistic lines. According to him this would lead to the emergence of sub-nationalities that would acquire excitement and th en to the rising of sovereign landed e differentiates.Thus, initi totallyy after liberty the country was divide into states belonging to 3 classes tell A states, which were make up of the former British Provinces, such as Uttar Pradesh, westernmost Bengal and Bihar Class B states, which were made up of former magnanimous princely states and large amalgamated unions of states, such as Hyderabad, Mysore and Rajasthan and Class C states, which were those formed splinter of smaller princely states, such as Bhopal, Delhi and Vindhya Pradesh. The Dar Commission, which was gear up up to lot aside with the question of linguistic states, expressed itself a pullst the linguistic reorganisation of states.In November 1948, the JVP committee was set up to review the Dar Commission report because of the insistence from the delegates of Andhra, Kerela, Karnataka and Maharashtra. This report withal was against the linguistic reorganization of states. In 1953 following the fast unto death by Potti Sriramulu in support of Telugu speaking Andhra the congress was forced to change its plaza and Andhra was created in October 1953. In response to the mounting flood of additional take ins the state of matter shakeup commission was established on December 1953.The report of SRC given up in 1955 created 14 raw states from the existing 27. In 1956 the act was enacted. This was the premiere phase of linguistic reorganization, other(a) phases followed during the period from 1960 to 1980 when these 14 states were advertise subdivided into vernal states. As the introduction suggests setting up states on linguistic lines was non the aim of the leaders rather they were forced to. They wanted the states to be economically and administratively viable alike they wanted to avoid further communalism which baron be caused due to the states existence reorganized on linguistic basis.Integration and antiauthoritarian participation were the important aims of the leaders th en. on that point was an attempt for inclusive agglomeration of divers(a) identities and groups through inter-segmental and inter fractional adjustments and changes. After Independence the task of pose the new nation in to representing pitch, processing with the lions of refugees, of coping with the booking in Kashmir, of integrating and consolidating into governable units the myriad of princely states and framing constitutions became the to the highest degree urgent items on the Governments agenda. Unity and security were the slogans of the day. (J. E. Schwartzberg) However this policy proved inadequate when it encountered the large currents of era of mass regime.. The essence of Linguistic states in particular became the focus of popular agitation (A. S. Narang). Also minorities complained of discrimination by the local organisation. It was as well up stated that the policy-making parties repeatedly exploited heathenish minorities anxieties and desires. The Dar Com mission discarded the linguistic reorganization on the basis that a state cannot be created having only 70-80% of the multitude speaking the same language.The commission verbalize that it could not be cal guide a linguistic group however rather a big bulk. It was however along this big majority lines that the 14 states were carved aside in 1956, then eliminating the categories of states as class A, B and C. tho it gave modernise to new problems, for example the SRC did not, at that date, divide the provinces of Bombay and Punjab because they found no slap-up linguistic lines for division. A ruin state of the Punjabi Suba was demanded based on the spiritual differences between the Hindus and Sikhs.Nehru did not agree with this idea just ins tead said that additional worlds should be incorporated into the pose state of Punjab to dilute the Sikh presence and marginalize the separatists within the province. This was mainly because Punjab was a border state and any tamperin g with the peoples interests might jeopardise the security of the country. notwithstanding ultimately the new state of Punjab was formed in 1966 when the Sikh leadership abandoned the religious criteria and demanded the shaping of Punjab on ethno linguistic lines.Along with the new state of Punjab other 2 new states formed Haryana- which consisted mainly of the Hindoo speaking belt of erstwhile Punjab and Himachal Pradesh- which were mainly the hill regularises. The province of Bombay was to a fault bifurcated between the Gujarati and Marathi speakers in 1960. The first federal revolution and soly discarded the design of administrative divisions that Nehru had favoured for independent India, a design which did not recognize the wishing for congruence between ethnic identity and territorial reserve homelands.The first reorganization did precisely the opposite it legally acknowledged India as a federation of ethnic subunits. In a sense, Nehru and India had returned to the eth nic teddy line conceded by the Congress gesture during the struggle for national independence. (Maya Chadda). This was not the end of all problems. The new issue arose in the north-eastern states. The North-eastern states were the most pretermit of all the states in India.The British followed a policy of seclusion that had left wing the region resentful and suspicious of all governments that had seek to control the atomic number 10 from New Delhi. Along with that the overlapping of the Naga and Mizo tribes across Burma and the Indo-Chinese border, closely linked the issue of ethnic self-reliance to national security and territorial control. If India was to keep these stadiums low her control it was necessary to appease the people living in those orbital cavitys. And the charm answer was found in separating the state of Assam into secernate tribal provinces.The Nehru government created the Sixth Schedule to the shaping which divided the Northeast into three all-embraci ng airfields with special arrangements of power sharing for each. This schedule created district councils which had power over local economic system, finishing, religion and customs. Eventually with the North-Eastern Area (reorganization) Act 1971, in that respect came in to existence several states from the undivided state of Assam. Tripura and Manipur which were originally parts of Assam became compass north Territories in 1956 and then separate states in 1972.Meghalaya became an autonomous state within Assam and then a mature state in 1972. Mizoram was declared a coalition Territory. While on that point were agitations in Tripura and Manipur for separate statehood like the Nagas, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh never demanded a separate statehood. These states were simply created to stop China from claiming these border territories. The state of Mizoram was created in 1987 after signing of accord between the Mizo National seem and the Govt of India after 20 years of ins urgency by the prevalent Mizo tribe.But this did not end the problem as many linguistic minorities felt that in the states with a dominant language they were outcasts, they were being neglected by the dominant groups and this was leading to the deterioration of not only their culture however also their languages. This identity crisis among the various minority groups is still leading to upheaval in contrary parts of the country. Many linguistic minorities are asking for separate states citing the example of the north-eastern states. LINGO-ETHNIC UPHEAVALS IN DIFFERENT STATESEven though the states of India have been from time to time reorganized on the basis of linguistics, or so problem constantly seems to crop up regarding one area or another. At present upheavals are more(prenominal) regarding ethnic reorganization rather than linguistics alone. here is an account of 2 such strifes. THE NAGALIM PROBLEM- One of Indias oldest continuing arm conflict is between the Govt of I ndia and the Nagas. The armed conflict has persisted with two interruptions one in 1960 and another when an accord was signed in 1975. The pact of 1975 was signed between the Govt of India and some willing leaders of Nagaland.This was interpreted as a sellout and thus gave fire to the already heated up issue. The conflict was that of the excogitation of Nagalim, an merged land for the Nagas which not only include the present state of Nagaland yet also those districts of Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam containing Nagas as majority. According to J. P. Hutton (1922), Nagaland (Nagalim) has always been a sovereign nation occupying a compact area of 120,000 sq. km of the Patkai Range in between the longitude 93E and 97E and the latitude 23. 5N and 28. 3N.It lies at the tri-junction of China, India and Burma. Nagalim, without the knowledge and consent of the Naga people, was apportioned between India and Burma after their respective declaration of independence. The part, which Ind ia illegally claims, is subdivided and hind endd below four opposite administrative units, viz. , Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland states. The eastern part, which Burma unlawfully claims, is placed under two administrative units, viz. , Kachin State and Sagaing Division ( at a time known as the Naga Hills).Nagalim, however, transcends all these arbitrary demarcations of boundary. The integration of the Naga areas of Burma with the areas in India was not the Naga governmental agenda, but bringing the Nagas of India together has been an issue that unites most Nagas. Even the Nagaland Assembly has passed a number of resolutions expressing support for that cause. The policy of non-interference by the British was followed by area expeditions that were resorted to in order to quell opposition of the hill communities to the colonial elongation of commercial activities in and through their land.Eventually the hill communities were brought under different territorial admi nistrative authorities and hence the concept of territorial politics was thus introduced, hitherto unknown to the hill communities. The so-called administrative convenience, made some of the ethnic groups fall under one or another political unit. In the process the Naga areas were brought under four administrative units Assam, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. The contiguous Zeliangrong Nagas were divided among the states of Assam (North Cachar Hill district), Nagaland and Manipur.Such whimsical administrative divisions and introduction of territorial politics tatterdemalion all ethnic aspirations (U. A. Shimray) and gave rise to ethnic stirrings The problem with the Nagas are that they are not a linguistic community, they speak as many as 30 different languages which belong to several distinct forms of Tibeto-Burmese language group. The languages communicate by some tribes are incomprehensible by the other Naga tribes. Thus, whether or not some of these groups should be in cluded in to the Nagas is a precise big concern. The other major problem is with that of Manipur.The goal of creating a star political unit out of all Naga-inhabited areas puts the Naga project of nationhood in encounter course with a parallel Manipuri project. Indeed, the issue is so sensitive that until June 2001 the Indian government left the territorial scope of the 1997 ceasefire deliberately vague. Eventually, things came to a detail when the NSCNIM insisted on a clarification, and in June 2001 a joint statement confirm that the ceasefire was between the Government of India and the NSCNIM as two entities without territorial limits.The announcement led to a veritable political explosion in Manipur and significant mental synthesis of anger in the other affected states. Seeking guarantees from the Indian government that Manipurs territorial integrity would not be sacrificed on the communion table of Naga peace has now become a major theme in Manipuri politics (Sanjib Baruah) . The United Naga Council (UNC) has issued a statement that calls for a peaceful theatrical role between the Nagas and the Meiteis. But theUNC statement will only aggravate the filtrate situation in Manipur because it threatens a break-up of the tiny state, a prospect no Meitei will be prepared to sham. The Centre on the other hand has made it absolutely clear that Manipurs territorial integrity or Assams and Arunachal Pradeshs cannot be undermined to crystalize the Naga problem. It is therefor time for the NSCN and other responsible Naga civil society groups to state if they are willing to accept a solution without a Greater Nagalim that will mean slice up of existing states like Manipur, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.If they accept then an extensive self-sufficiency plan that give Nagas a chance for socio-cultural integration without changing of state boundaries, should be prepared by the state govts to give something like supra-state body a chance. That may mean that the Nag as will control the areas of Manipur, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh that they inhabit in a majority but that is a price the three states may have to pay for finally solving the Naga problem that threatens to engulf the alone region.THE GHORKHALAND PROBLEM- Another big problem for India is that of the Gorkhaland issue. The word Gorkha is historically associated with the Kashas of North India. But it was after the administration of the Gorkha Dynasty in1559 by Drabya Shah, the word began to be referred to the inhabitants of the Gorkha ruled region. Daniel Wright (1877) says, The Gorkhas or the Gorkhalis so named from the former capital of their country are the dominant race. They formerly occupied the district around the town of Gorkha, which is about 40 miles from the city of Katmandu.They are said to be of Rajput descent and to have been driven out of Rajputana on the occasion of an invasion by Musulmans. They first settled tight fitting Palpa, having passed through the Kumaon hi lls, and gradually extending their dominion to Gorkha. The Gorkhas were originally Indo-Aryan in division but after the Anglo-Nepalese war the British distinguished them as clear mongoloid in character. With time the term Gorkhas have been used interchangeably with the Nepalis. The struggle for Gorkhaland, it seems, started since 1907 by the leaders of the hill people for a separate administrative setup.In 1917 there was a similar demand to create a separate dominion from West Bengal. Similar uprising followed in 1919, 1920, 1930. In 1943 the all India Gorkha League was formed which wanted the govt to recognize the gorkhas as a separate minority. Then in 1949 they demanded a separate state for themselves. But these were all disregarded by the authorities. The main agitation for the Gorkhaland started in the 1980s under the leadership of Subhas Ghising belonging to the Gorkha National Liberation Front. The GNLF-led agitation for the humanity of a separate state of Gorkhaland ha ppened at a time when the commie Party of India, Marxist CPI(M) was firmly in power in the state of West Bengal. Given the CPI(M)s pro-poor ideology, stellar achievements in land reforms, outlandish development, and community empowerment in West Bengal, and prior public commitments to surrender autonomy to the Gorkhas, it was surprising that sentiments for a separate Gorkhaland grew steadily in the Darjeeling district (Rajat Ganguly).Once the agitation started it left many people dead, many hundreds homeless, there was vent to the local economy due to strikes etc. More importantly it flock a deep chasm between the majority Bengalis and the minority Gorkhas in West Bengal. All this led to an agreement between the GNLF and Govt of West Bengal & Govt of India in August 1988 that aa autonomous Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council will be established, but in return the GNLF would have to drop the demand of separate state. However this just now changed the situation of the hill district .There were hardly any development project carried out by the DGHC and the people felt cheated. The DGHC blamed the West Bengal Government for not providing the necessary funds and for trying to undermine the DGHCs image and chest of drawers in Darjeeling. At times, Subhas Ghising, the GNLF President and Chairperson of the DGHC, even talked of resurrecting the Gorkhaland agitation, which were dismissed by his political opponents as merely pressure tactical maneuver to procure more funds from Kolkata. Ghisings political opponents in turn accused him and the DGHC of being corrupt and wasteful and operating in an undemocratic manner.The struggle for Gorkhaland authentic a new boost 2008 when a new ships company called the Gorkha Janamukti Morcha under the leadership of Bimal Gurung. Once a trusted aide of Subhas Ghising, Bimal Gurung decided to break away from the GNLF and started a new agitation for Ghorkhaland. A new party was formed called the Gorkha Janamukti Morcha and on Apri l 2011 they signed a pact with the central and state govts forming the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, a semi- autonomous body that would replace the DGHC.The reasons why there is a demand for Gorkhaland are 1. Although states in post-independent India were reorganized on the basis of ethno-linguistic criteria, the policy failed to eradicate the problem of entrapped minorities as many states within the Indian federation continued to include peripheral minority ethnic groups that were lingually and culturally different from and politically and economically subordinate to the majority ethnolinguistic communities that wielded power in the states.Many of these entrapped minority groups had a long history of demands for political autonomy or separate political identity and had come to believe that the States Reorganization Commission would consider their case with sympathy. When that did not happen, many of these minority ethnic groups felt frustrated and aggrieved. In the years f ollowing the states reorganization, these detached and peripheral minority ethnic groups came to resent their endemic poverty and underdeveloped military position and became convinced that they were being deprived (deliberately or otherwise) by the majority communities that controlled the state governments.The only way out of this poverty and underdevelopment, these groups felt, was by creating their own state and entering into a direct relationship with the Indian central government for assistance and guidance for instance, Gorkha leaders in Darjeeling cited the example of Sikkim, which had one-third of Darjeelings commonwealth but put ond almost ten times more central grant than Darjeeling. (Rajat Ganguly) 2.The isolation and under development has been aggravated by the fact that that their homeland has been infiltrated by members of the dominant community and other ethnic groups thereby creating an exploitative cultural division of labour in which treasured roles and resourc es are allocated broadly speaking to the outsiders. The ethnic communities have also failed to successfully deal with the dominant outsiders for valued resources, such as access to instruction, health oversee and utilisation. 3. The agitators argued that the West Bengal state government have deliberately kept Darjeeling isolated and neglected.They also claimed that much money was spend on the development of Siliguri but very little of these funds went to the hills for the development of Darjeeling, Kalimpong, and other hill towns. For eg- there is still acute shortage of water and the supply is not decent to cater to the demands of the growing population as well as the tourists. The conditions of the roads are appalling and there is a huge dearth of electricityor problems of voltage. 4. The area had no facilities for higher education, the North Bengal University being the only University in that region.But it was fit(p) in Siliguri and not in the hills. 5. This neglect of th e region has led to the even off in the tourism industry, which has further led to the decline in employment among the local people. 6. It was also claimed that the Govt offices set up in the area did not benefit the locals as most of the posts went to the outsiders from the plains. Along with that the lack in education facilities did not facilitate the locals in getting the jobs. 7. West Bengal government based in faraway Kolkata appeared to be remote, opaque and unaccountable to the local people of Darjeeling.The CPI(M)s casual response to the various grievances and problems of the people in Darjeeling also strengthened the local perception that the party neglected the hills in raise of the plains. BODOLAND ISSUE, ASSAM The Bodos belong to the Tibeto-Burman speaking Indo-Mongoloid ethnic group and are the most usually found in the Brahmaputra plains of Assam. The term Bodo is also used to denote a large number of tribes-the Garos of Meghalaya, Tippera of Tripura, and Boro Kacha ri, Koch, Rabha, Lalung, Dimasa, Hajong, Chutia, Deuri, and Moran of Assam and other parts of the Northeast. M. N. Brahma, The Bodo Kacharis of Assam-A Brief Introduction, publicize of the Tribal Research Institute Gauhati, 11 1983, p. 52. ). These tribes ruled over Assam until about 1825 but at present they are found in the northern areas of the Brahmaputra Valley, mainly in Kokrajhar, Darrang, Goalpara, and Kamrup districts. Theirs is a patriarchal society and they loosely follow Bathauism, which is a form of animism, as religion. They mainly practiced Jhooming agribusiness but off late have ventured into settled agriculture.Industrial activities are wanting but there may be some silkworm culture done by the Bodos. The demand for a separate Bodoland started during the British rule. It took a major turn after independence and mostly after the system of Nagaland and other north-eastern states. The bodos formed Plains Tribal Council of Assam (PTCA) in 1967 and demanded the format ion of a separate state for the Bodos and all other plain tribes of Assam. The All Bodo Students Union also formed in the same year as a part of PTCA. But with time they all lost hopes upon the party and started working separately.In the 1980s Assam saw another movement by the All Assam Student Union (AASU) and Assam Gana Parishad (AGP) about the eviction of foreign nationals from the state. The ABSU worked alongside the AASU with the hope that their cause would receive a boost. The movement ended with the formation of the new AGP Govt. But the ABSU presently realized that the attitude of the new Govt about towards the Bodos is no less different from the preceding Govts. Thus, in 1987 they renewed their struggle for Bodoland, a creation of full-fledged state for the Bodos.The two districts of Kokrajhar and Darrang became the nerve centres of the struggle. Initially the ABSU had a list of 92 demands but later it mainly centred around 3 main agendas (1) formation of a separate state named Bodoland on the north bank of the Brahmaputra (2) establishment of autonomous district councils in the tribal dominant areas on the entropy bank of the Brahmaputra (3) incorporation of the Bodo Kacharis of Karbi Anglong in the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution The main reasons for this agitation were 1.The Bodos constituted 49% of Assams population in 1947 but by the 1971 census they had dropped to 29% due to internal and external migration. The migrator labours from Bangladesh affected the population of the Bodos. They got most of the jobs while the Bodos were left jobless. 2. Another major problem was that the Bodos mostly depended on agriculture for sustenance. The land that belonged to them have been mostly taken away form them by the migrants or for the establishment of tea plantations pushing them away into the forests and thus reducing to poverty and indebtness.The new standard by the Assam Govt imposed a rule forbidding any settlements at bottom the forest. All of these led to the entrapment of the tribals and was a major cause for the agitation. 3. In mid-fifties the Govt of Assam had made a rule forbidding the encroachment of the migrant population in to the special area demarcated for the Scheduled Tribes and Castes. But this was not purely maintained leading to the loss of land among the tribal and a austere competition for the scarce resources. 4. In 1960s the Assam Govt. declared the Assamese language to be the official language of the state.The effort to impose the language litter a wedge between the two communities. 5. The effort by the Assam Govt to assimilate the different identities and not integrate them led to the fear among the tribals about loosing their identity. This to a large extent led to the agitations. 6. Only 10% of jobs are reserved for plains tribals, including the Bodos. On top of that the requirement of knowledge of the Assamese language to mother a government job in the state was a further barrier to e mployment opportunities for Bodo youth. . The progress achieved by hill tribes in close Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Nagaland and the relative advances made by the two hill districts of Assam-Karbi Anglong and North-Cachar Hills with their autonomous district councils made the Bodos and other plains tribes feel that, despite their larger population, they have been ignored. 8. The creation of separate tribal states for populations smaller than the Bodo in the 1960s and 70s made the demand of the plains tribals seem legitimate. 9.The crafty drawing of the constituencies merging the tribal and non-tribal majorities makes it impossible for the tribals to gain a seat in the state legislators. 10. Lastly, the unrestrained suppression by the law enforcement agencies against Bodo agitators in 1987 fuelled the movement further. The ABSU resorted mostly to bandhs and closures, disrupting the rail and road link up of Assam and the rest of the northeastern region. The agitation also saw extortion and harassment of nontribals, non-Bodo direct teachers, clerks, foresters posted in tribal areas, and tea plantation managers and employees.But the most wicked development of the movement was the formation of the rebel insurgent Bodo Security ramp (Bd. SF), comprising a hard core of the Bodo youth wedded to violent tactics to achieve the goal of Bodoland. The prolonged movement seriously affected the economy of Assam and the entire northeastern region. The chief ministers of the six northeastern states that were affected by the frequent bandhs urged the movement leaders, the Assam government, and the center to move quickly toward a settlement.Political parties of all hues unequivocally condemned the violence perpetrated by some of the protestors and the consequent police reprisals. The AGP government came down heavily on the agitators, ruling out any take on to form a separate Bodoland state to ameliorate the grievances of the plains tribes. It also sought to drive a wedge betwe en the Bodos and other tribes by avowing the need to protect the interests of all tribals in the state, the Bodo- dominant movement notwithstanding. (Sudhir JacobGeorge) The agitations continued well into 1993 with the Bodo Security Force gaining more power and at places marginalising the ABSU and other parties. There were also a number of failed attempts to talk by the Assam Govt and the central Govt. Efforts to solve the Bodo issue continued involving a great deal of ground work and behind-the-scenes effort on the part of Home Affairs rector Rajesh Pilot, the Bodo Congress (I) legislator, Jaman Singh Brahma, and an emissary of the prime minister. These efforts ultimately resulted in the Bodo Accord, signed at Guwahati on February 20, 1993, formally ending the prolonged Bodoland agitation.The main aspects of the Bodo accord was 1. mental hospital of a Bodoland Autonomous Council (BAC). This is only an autonomous hill council and not a separate state. 2. The legislative power of the BAC is to be vested in a 40-member council, out of which 35 members are to be elected on the basis of adult franchise and the remaining five are to be nominated by the governor of Assam. 3. Executive powers are to reside in a smaller Bodoland Executive Council (BEC), similar to a state-level cabinet. 4. There would also be elections for the BAC. 5.The territory of the BAC included the areas between the Sankosh River and Mazbat Pasnoi River, which roughly mark the western and eastern boundaries on the north bank respectively. The more complex southern border of the BAC, a lot impinging on nontribal areas, appears to have been left unspecified. Comprising 2,750 villages and several small towns, the BAC includes 25 tea plantations. 6. A benchmark for the inclusion of areas in the BAC was that Bodos should constitute 50% or more of a villages population. However, villages with lesser Bodo populations have also been included to ensure territorial continuity. . The BAC is to be orga nized with 38 departments, mostly correspond to the subjects earmarked for autonomous district councils, such as education, forests, health, land, and revenue. But law and order was retained by the state, along with the right to dismiss the elected council under exceptional circumstances. (Legislative Branch, Assam Act No. 11, 1993) 8. The Accord also provided for the leaders of the movement to ensure the surrender of all arms, explosives, and ammunition by their followers, and bring those who had at rest(p) underground back into the national ainstream. All the rights of nontribals living in the BAC area were to be protected, and their language, culture, and land kept intact. Memorandum of Settlement (Bodo Accord). So was the agitation rightfully worth it? The 7 or 8 year long agitation, did it end in the fulfilment of the demands? An analysis of the Bodo accord reveals that the Bodos did not get all that it wanted. Firstly, they did not get the state separated as they would have wanted. Secondly, it was not a tripartite deal rather a bipartite deal with the state and the BAC.Thirdly, it was not a political accord as it was only an administrative institution. The law and order was to be maintained by the state government. Fourthly, the leaders had to accept only half(a) the area of they actually demanded. It includes 2750 villages only rather than the 4635 initially demanded. Also the area of the BAC is still not defined. All these shortcomings have led to discontent among the Bodo people. The situation is very vulnerable and an enlargement again is not far away. Infact a strife did take place in mid 2012 in Assam again.So we see that the there was unnecessary putting to death of people. The people of different religions and communities were rendered homeless. They had to live in refugee camps. The strife led to the expiry of the valuable forest and wildlife resources because the Bodo security force took shelter in the Manas wildlife reserve. The area wa s exploited indiscriminately by the security forces. But it seems that the lines of agreement did not do justice to the struggle. All the loss of lives seemed to be in nugatory the destruction of forests were in vain because they did not receive even half of their want.CONCLUSION We see that even if the state had earlier yielded to the linguistic reorganization of states in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s they are opposing now. The increasing opposition by the Central and State governments in the recent times has shown that the country is not ready for further divisions. Where they have initially supported the tribal groups in the border areas for the formation of states they are not supporting it now for further division. Thus, the Bodoland, Gorkhaland and Nagalim movement did not hold good. All these movements failed and statehood was not granted.